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0:05 Maybe, right? >> Mhm. I just want to say good morning. Good morning. Hold this. Such a special to be able to continue just going to give my big all of our sponsors for this morning here to thank all of our sponsors for the month of Tammuz. How about you on a run for 0:39 Eliezer Ben Elisheva, Daniel and Bat-Sheva Pava. A very special for the third yard site from and Ben Yehuda Aryeh of Philadelphia. He was a child survivor of Auschwitz who learned Gemara every morning at 5:00 a.m. 0:56 He was Doros for my Torah and beautiful. Let me sponsor for today Alan Steinberg and some continuing health and social and for ultimate Shmuly and Hindi Abramson as a source for a fortune of his one of his father Mordechai Ben Chava and Boruch and Bracha Rifkin for the yard site of 1:18 Ben Harav Rubin and we have done all of our all of the of all of them. The families in the all those who need a together with all the holy Israel should be to see in this month and all of the months ahead. With that, let us begin in this month and all of the months ahead. With that, let us begin today's 47. We are picking up on 1:42 46 B and we left off Let's actually pick up again by Omar Raba which is two we got a little bit further than that but two four six eight 10 12 14 15 lines up from the bottom. Omar Raba Rava says as follows, "Where a sheep of Shimon Sasa treifa, if you have a lung and part of the lung part of the lung dried up, ultimately the animal is a 2:06 treifa." The Gemara says, "The comma, so what what exactly is the definition of the lung drying up? What what does that mean?" The comma, "Amoraim Shmuel and Rava Kadesha tifrach betziporen." Drying up that when you touch it, brittle enough that when you touch it with your nail, it crumbles. 2:24 Kiman, whose opinion does this reflect? So the Gemara says, "Kiman Ki Rabbi Yo I'm sorry. Kima good good. Yeah, Kima Ki Rabbi Yosi ben Amram Shalom. Who does this whose opinion does this reflect? Rabbi Yosi ben Amram Shalom they will say and remember again I I so mentioned this yesterday. This is actually now a braisa from a different topic. This is talking about bechor. 2:45 Bechor is the firstborn animal. If the firstborn animal develops a blemish, ultimately again becomes just the property of the kohen. It becomes property of the owner I should say. The Gemara says, "Eizu yavesha?" So what's the definition? Let's say again with tam over here like dryness of the ear. Which could be a mum by a bechor. "Eizu yavesha?" So the tana kama says, "Rabbanan say She'im tinakav vein motzi tipas dam." If it's so dried up that 3:09 when you pierce it, it doesn't bleed. If you pierce it, it doesn't If you prick it, it does not bleed. So that that ultimately again is the indication that it is dried up. Rabbi Yosi ben Amram Shalom Rabbi Yosi ben Amram Shalom says, "Yavesha kadesha deheina frachas betziporen." And Rabbi Yosi ben Amram Shalom says it's so dry that even when you go ahead and you when you touch the nail to it, it crumbles. So again, so this idea this idea that by a lung if 3:35 it's dry enough that when you touch it, it crumbles, that is the opinion of Rabbi Yosi ben Amram Shalom as espoused by bechor. So we're taking that we're taking that threshold by bechor and applying it by treifa. To which the Gemara says, "No no no, af ilu temar Rabbanan e- e- even even the rabbonon would agree ultimately again with Rabbi Yosi ben Hamashlum in 3:56 this case. Why? Copy Ozen because again by the rabbonon ultimately again by the by the by the by the ear of a bachor the means there's no air flow right around it. It won't heal. I'm sorry. The by the by the ear of the bachor where there is air flow around it ultimately again it will not go ahead and heal once 4:24 it reaches the threshold ultimately again it becoming so dry that if you prick it it will it will it won't bleed. But ultimately again the the lungs which do not have air flow I mean external air flow around it hello my son I had your body it could heal and therefore again even the rabbonon would agree that the only time that the lung is 4:50 considered to be a treifa is if it's so dry that if you touch it if it's so brittle that it if you touch it it will crumble. So it turns out that the according to the everyone is agreeing with this idea. That what's the definition of of the lung being dried out if it's so dry that if you touch it it crumbles that's indicative that it is a treifa. Okay, next case. 5:19 So if you have if you have a lung that has kind of guilty guilty means it has scabs that has these different scabs on it or maybe or maybe either they're dark in color right or maybe it means black or maybe it means or various different colors ultimately again the says the says Rashi says over here it is the it is the second of the widest 5:42 lines. Give one and give one and that one and you look at that we're going to see by the which absolutely would be problematic. We're not talking about non-problematic colors, as will be defined in just a bit. The tomorrow is right. I'm going to have to erase this. Our second halacha. 5:56 Second halacha that long goal, yes, yes, I'm using it. Right? Long goal scabbing, okay, okay, pulmonary. Calm down everyone. Calm down. Calm down. The one thing you decide to pay attention to in all of Avel Trefos, right, is my use of long goal. Right? 6:14 So, it's fine. Pulmonary. What we begin to see is that pulmonary scabbing, pulmonary scabbing can or can't, cuz remember again beforehand, the tomorrow seemed to indicate that pulmonary scabbing was problematic, because scabbing is often indicative of a puncture. So, we're going to distinguish. We haven't said anything Now the tomorrow is telling me that no, a certain type of scabbing is not problematic. Right? Interestingly enough, the tomorrow seems to indicate 6:37 that everything is dependent on the color. That you could tell the nature of the scabbing with the colors. Apparently again, if it's dark or certain other colors, it won't be problematic, but certain other colors, it will be problematic. But just understand, the issue isn't as much the color as much as it is that the color is indicative of whether or not the scabbing represents a perforation. Cuz remember again, by 7:00 lungs, the sheer of perforation is any amount of masho. Right? Any amount of perforation by a lung. Although that's masho, but it's also with the majority opinion holds masho. We're going to reference that again today. I'm going to erase this. Next, Eima Kifen Bevois. So, we'll say next issue we're going to talk about over here is is pulmonary blistering. 7:19 Right? Cuz the concern ultimately is that when we have blisters, are blisters also indicative of some type of perforation. So, the tomorrow so Aime Mar says, you do not go Literally Eima Kifen means we don't compare blisters. Now, if you take a quick look at Rashi, Rashi second line in the widest line says Eima Kifen Bevois, Eicha Tola. What you need for berea Here 7:44 to all of my master mission order the top car. The lack of the miss leader top car. Where you doing call them shita in the after shita. So you know what it says the issue of here we're going to see. Let's see you find a blister on the lung. And the issue over here is we don't know whether or not this blister, did it occur before the shita after the shita? 8:01 Remember again, anything that happens after the shita, what's the status after the shita? We we don't really care. Right, we don't really care. What once once the animal shacked it is shacked it. So let's say you have a blister and you're not sure whether or not it occurred before the shita after the shita. Say you might think compare it to a different blister. Right, compare let's say you know that there's another blister that did occur after the shita. 8:21 You can say maybe compare the blisters or or you there's another blister that happened before the shita. So compare it. You don't compare blisters. Each each blister has its own has its own unique features you don't want to identity so you can't determine the status of one by comparing it to another. Next. I'm rubber. Honey tarty only the seeker of the D. Less little bit deca. So this is actually very interesting. So rubber says as follows. 8:43 These two lungs lungs that are connected to each other attached to each other, there is no bedica. Take a quick look at Rashi for just a moment again. Less little bedica. Less little bedica. Um she circle zoo mac must neck and I'm in Rashi in the widest lines two four six lines into the widest lines. 9:05 Less little bedica bedica also. There's no bedica. Why? She circle zoo she circle zoo mac must neck and he bought she took shower and she has call me mushka and I'm mushka not so all the so called community color yard. Feel see my mat there and I get not for the master chrome. So okay, so here this is interesting. If you find a situation where the lobes of the lungs are stuck 9:28 together, generally the gamara says you can't you can't check. There's no way to properly check the lungs. Now what are we concerned about when we see the lungs stuck together? So, interestingly enough, this this fascinatingly enough is actually a three-way map of gas. Rashi in the sense of Rashi just sort of what we're concerned about by by what we call the sircha, which is when the lungs stick together, is that there was a perforation. There was some type of 9:52 liquid that oozed, and as a result, now the lungs are stuck together. The reason why you can't have a bedika is because you don't know where that perforation might be. Granted, maybe you could use the the water test, which we'll we'll come to, but according to Rashi, that's the issue of sircha. We're concerned about perforation. As a result of perforation, liquid oozed from the lung, causing them to adhere together. 10:15 I'm finishing up Rashi. Vinasa Vinasa course. And ultimately again, it kind of forms um What's the word? It forms a seal. It forms a seal Now, you'll say this up one second. That's okay, because even if there was a perforation, essentially, what do you have? One lobe sealing the other. But this goes back to what we said before, that remember, pulmonary scabbing is not 10:48 halachically recognized as a valid refuah for the makah. Remember again, so scab e- even if there was a perforation and a scab, a scab on the lung does not remedy the treifa situation of the lung. So, according to Rashi, according to Rashi, this ultimately again is the particular issue when it comes to when it comes to sircha. It happens to be a lot of discussion about 11:11 this with sircha, right? The the Okay, so we're going to we're going to leave it. There's there's the Rambam, there's the Rashba, and the Ran also, but what we'll focus right now on what we have in front of us. Good. So, let's go back there. Follow Amran as to the sircha. So, this is very interesting. When do we say ultimately again that sircha is a problem? Only when it's out of order. 11:28 What does it mean out of order? So, we'll say So, remember again, the lung We'll get into this a little bit more today. The lung is made up of multiple lobes. The Gamora is going to say the Gamora the Gamora suggests that it's five lobes. In reality, it's it's more than five lobes, but what we do is the Gamora looks at major lobes. So, five lobes according to the Gamora. When do we say that Sirha is a problem? Only when consecutive lobes aren't attached. 11:52 Right? In other words, let's say for argument's sake, just let's say lobe one and two are next to each other. It's one, two, three. I'm just giving for illustration purposes. If lobe one and three are connected to each other through a Sirha, that's when there's a problem. That's when there's a problem. About Kasidron, but if Halacha L'Maiseh again, two two lobes which are next to each other are stuck together, then the Gamora says "Hainu Rebbe Sayu." Hainu 12:16 Rebbe Sayu says this is a normal form of growth. This is a normal form of growth. That is a common That is a common form of of I guess pulmonary maturation or pulmonary development. Therefore, that will not be That will not be a treif all. Top of M'Zayin, 47A. Gamora will say "We're going to come back to Sirha this idea of this idea of the lungs kind of clinging together and what that does." Here's 12:41 what we know. The Gamora clearly indicates to us that Halacha L'Maiseh again, it is it is a treif. By the way, if you saw if you saw one of the videos that that Maishi pointed posted yesterday on the chat, if you'll notice again what what Rabbi Abramson is also doing with the lungs is if you notice he's he's he's pulling apart each of the lobes to make sure that ultimately again, they are not stuck to one another as well. That's the Sirha issue. Top of 13:05 Top of Eat It, make sure to watch it long before dinner after dinner. Listen to what Amora says. Amora Amora says as follows. Next, "Hainu Tarti Bui D'Smechi L'Hadadi." This is very interesting. Let's say you have Let's say you have two blisters that are next to each other. So, the Gamora says ultimately again, "Lest L'Hu Badik so ultimately there's no proper because 13:30 so we'll say this is almost the same type of thing as cuz what are we concerned about if there's two blisters next to each other again blistering could be indicative of a variety of different things just to understand I didn't read this in my sheet before sometimes the mirror understands that blistering could be a result of if the hand of the show hate knocks the lung causing irritation on the exterior of the lung but sometimes 13:54 blistering could also of perforation. >> [clears throat] >> So if you have two blisters that are next to each other actually says over here party Kimble the in smoke element so rubber understands that more often than not blistering is a result of perforation. So the issue over here is if you have two blisters next to each other says attached you're not able to look for where the actual perforation 14:23 may be therefore it has no and therefore it is a treif. We're concerned about perforation. So what happens if you have one blister that looks like two and what what does that mean one blister that looks like two so the so what you can imagine is imagine you have one blister and you have essentially like a little bit of what looks like a line down the 14:46 middle so you're able to see that it's one blister but it looks like two because there's a line down the middle of the blister so what do you do so you got to remember again what just according to rubber rubber saying once you've got two blisters and animals a treif because we're concerned ultimately again that there's a perforation and that there's an attached perforation that you're not going to be able to find one blister blister again 15:08 take one step back blistering in general doesn't necessarily have to be indicative of a treif but it definitely can be indicative two blisters together we have high end probability and therefore the animal is going to be a treif what about if it's one blister that looks like two so what are you doing this case? So the Gamara says my scene and seal bring up take a thorn take a thorn or bust you know late and pop the blister. If you see that like 15:32 the liquid or the pus shuffles back and forth between both sides of the blister relatively easily. What does that indicate? That's one blister and ultimately again the animal is going to be kosher the yellow but if the liquid if the pus doesn't transfer back and forth easily then ultimately that's two blisters and ultimately again 15:57 >> [clears throat] >> it is a treifa. Okay, incredible. Remember rubber says hey it's like the real there are five lobes. Rubber says there are five lobes to lung has five lobes. So the Gamara says clapping Gamara plus the target smaller. So what they say so listen to this when the face of the animal is facing a person I just want to say 16:20 the Gamara is looking at the lungs right now with the animal slaughtered hanging by its feet facing the show hate. So I'm staring essentially at the underbelly of the animal hanging upside down. So when you look at it that way what I find is as follows there are five lobes all together. Again, I'm not getting into the picture today cuz you going to get it more into the picture tomorrow I'm going to 16:44 have less time today also. So the Gamara says three of the lobes are on my right but that came is smaller and ultimately again two are on my left. Has here or has here or treifa. So what they say so now again once I know this pulmonary arrangement five lobes three on my right two on my left. 17:07 If I look at the lungs of the animal and there's either more lobes or less lobes or the arrangement of right on left are are swapped, the animal is a treif. That's it. This this is Rava's statement. Okay, so Rava says, "Now watch this." He wants to tell a story. 17:25 Story. Rava says, "How would you say Rava said that the Mareima?" Listen to this. So, there was a guy who shechted an animal, and what happens? He opened up the animal, and he found that there was an extra lobe on the lung or or an extra lobe of the lung. He brought it before Mareima to inspect it. What's what's the status of this animal? "Havi Yosef Rava Abba." Rava was sitting outside of Mareima's 17:46 house. "Amar lei Amar Rava." So, Rava Rava said to the guy, "What did Mareima say to you?" "Amar lei Achshura Nihi lei." He told me the animal was kosher. Now, again, remember this was an animal with an extra lobe. He So, Mareima said the animal was kosher. Listen to this. 18:02 So, Rava says, "Amar lei Chador Aili Kammai." "Go in and ask again." Go in and ask again. Now, again, Rava says, "Now, first of all, once you get a heter, you run. Right? You run for the You run for the hills." People also say, "So, again, so so what what Rava is bothered by is obviously we just had the statement of Rava." And Rava said, "Extra lobe or missing lobe or deficient lobe, the animal is a treif." So, Rava 18:26 Rava felt it must be that the guy didn't present it well. Maybe Mareima wasn't paying attention. So, Rava Rava says, "Go back in and ask Mareima again." So, the guy goes back in. "Amar lei Amar lei." So, "How do I highlight Kammai?" "Amar lei." Listen to this. The guy goes goes back in. He asks Mareima the kasha again. Mareima sends back a message. 18:46 Listen to this. "Amar lei." So, Mareima says to the shochet, "Zeil Amar lei l'man di Yosef Abba." "Go tell the guy sitting on my doorstep." Right? So, Rava says, which is interesting, by the way, he doesn't say, "Go tell Rava." Right? 19:01 Why does he say, "Go tell the guy Go tell the guy sitting on my doorstep?" People also say, "Just a moment. Let's discuss the Rava." "B'Yisera B'Yisera." That that does not follow Rava with an extra lobe. That apparently again, whereas a a missing lobe will make the animal a treifa, an extra lobe does not. 19:20 So, therefore, go tell the guy sitting on the doorstep that ultimately again, an extra lobe is not problematic. I will say, why does he refer to him? Why does he refer to him in a what seems to be a little bit of a disparaging way? Go tell the guy sitting on my doorstep. Why not go ahead and go go sort of a Halacha? 19:36 Cuz he will say there's a there's a mussar over here. It is very easy to critique and to criticize the work of others. Right? It is very easy to sit back and to always give, you know, we'll call it people like to call it constructive criticism. Right? When someone else is putting in the hard work. One just has And and by the way, there's a place to that. Of course, we all need critique and we all need constructive criticism and we all need 19:59 feedback. But before you give it, before you give it, make sure you understand the totality of the situation. So, Mareh Mar seems to be like a a little bit annoyed because again, here he's paskening the Halacha. Rav Achas literally sitting on his porch. Right? 20:14 Sitting on his Sitting on his front doorstep. The guy's coming out and Rav Achas casting aspersions on the psak of Mareh Mar. So, go tell the guy who's sitting on my doorstep that we do not pasken like Rava. That again, that a Halacha l'maaseh where there's a deficient lobe will make the animal a treifa, an extra lobe will not. Va ani meeli, but again, this is only true the kaim av bidorai d'uni. This is only true 20:37 if the extra lobe is like sequential. It's in It's in the row of the other lobes. Avav benei benei treifa. But again, if the extra lobe appears between the rows of the other lobes, then it is going to be a treifa. So, again, so apparently, what's happening over here is as follows. So, we've got Rava. Rava says the appearance of an extra lobe or the deficiency of a lobe will make the 21:00 animal a treifa. Mareh Mar says, deficient lobe, absolutely treifa. Extra lobe is not a treifor as long as the extra lobe looks like it should be there. Like in other words, if it's arranged in the midst of the other lobes, it's literally what what he calls in the row of the other lobes, halacha l'maiseh it's not a treifor, but if it's between the rows, absolutely it will be a treifor. Incredible. 21:25 Let's go back there. "Hahu beni beni d'asla k'mei d'Ravashi." So ultimately again there was a an animal which presented with an extra lobe and this lobe was not arranged sequentially within the within the lobes of the animal, but rather it was between the rows. "M'ras asla k'mei d'Ravashi, savar Ravashi d'mitrafa." So Ravashi said, "Okay, it should be a treifor." Which seems to be everybody would agree in that case that the animal is a treifor. 21:47 "Amreli Amreli Ravhuna mar bar Avya kols is what by that's one name. Amreli Ravhuna mar bar Avya kol hani chivi kol hani chi kol sorry kol hani chiyuvi kol hani chiyuvi brisa chaki islohu." So interestingly enough Ravhuna said as follows, he said 22:09 Ravhuna mar bar Avya said, "All of these types of animals, this is how they mature. This is how they grow." Now what he's talking about all these types of animals, Rashi says "brisa rows ba'afar ba'efer from the brisa b'riyos sh'meilos." So Rashi gives two interpretations. Either it was common for free range animals to have this additional pulmonary lobe, like that 22:33 that was common, or the other possibility is that larger more obese animals would often common have would have this extra lobe. Either way, the point over here the point that Ravhuna mar bar Avya was saying was that halacha l'maiseh, not only is it not a treifor, but it was a common a common situation in these types of animals. Okay, incredible. "D'yemos d'vakari lei tapri aniyusa d'dora." And 22:57 ultimately again the the butchers and you know what I remember again I they mention whenever we say tabach we normally think about a butcher or someone who works in the butcher store. Remember from the perspective of the Gemara, the butcher and the shochet are the same person. The butchers often call this in unisa literally again in unisa dur the the varda. Ultimately again, the small the small rose lobe. Small that's what 23:22 they would call it, the small rose lobe. Remember again, I will say rose cuz you saw on yesterday's daf that the lung itself remember again has has two membranes, the outer whitish one and the inner redder one. So the lung itself would often have a little more reddish color. We'll discuss more in just a bit. But that's again, the butcher shochet, the point of it the Gemara seems to coming out is the presence of this additional lobe of this additional lobe that interestingly enough additional 23:45 lobe beini beini, now it has to be arranged within the row of the other lobes, right? If it's between if it looks if it looks out of place essentially it's between the rows of lobes, then it'll be a treifa. But if it's within the row of lobes, halacha l'maiseh it's not going to be a treifa. Not only that, this seems to be a common part that or common a common lobe or common additional lobe that is found in the lung either of free 24:08 range animals or very large animals. Incredible. V'ani b'mi gavoi. Furthermore again, this is only true literally again if it's on the inside of the lungs. Now what that means is really the underside of the lungs. However, aval l'maiseh, aval agavah agavah, but if this extra lobe is on the top of the lungs, afilu k'tirfa d'asur 24:32 treifa, then even if it's so small that it's just the size of a myrtle leaf, ultimately again it's going to be a treifa. So I will say so again, essentially what what comes out of here is as follows. The presence of so again, let's let's work with what everybody agrees with. Presence of or actually absence of a lobe, everyone agrees halacha l'maiseh is going to be a treifa. What about the presence of an additional lobe? So So, to be that the 24:56 the conclusion of the Gemara is that the presence of an additional lobe, as long as it's arranged in the row of the other lobe, ultimately, again, is going to be kosher. Might even be common, but that's only so if it's on the underside of the lungs. But any additional lobe on the top side, on the top of the lungs, even if Halacha L'Maiseh says it's a tiny little lobula, right? It's just a little lobe on top there, right? Even the size 25:20 of a of a myrtle leaf, right? Halacha L'Maiseh, it is going to be a treif. Incredible. Second line from the top, Mem Zayin Amud Aleph base 47B. Amud Aleph Rafrum. Rafrum says, "Hi re'ah kidamya l'oaf sat." Interesting case here. If you have a lung that is like a piece of wood, we'll discuss what that means in just a moment, treif. The lung is going to be the lung is going to be the Excuse me, the animal is a treif. 25:40 So, now, what does that mean? What does that mean that the lung is like a piece of wood? "Eek id am b'chazusa." Some say that literally, again, it looks like wood. It has the appearance of wood. "V'eek id am b'gishda." Others say it has the feel of wood. 25:56 "Eek id am." So, again, both say, "So, chazusa could just mean its appearance is like wood, right? Gishda means it's it's like the touch, the feel, the hardness of it, or it could also be the smoothness of it." So, we'll just see in just a moment cuz a lung, generally, again, has has ridges to it. Or others say it's the feel to it. "Eek id am." Others say, "Din din a feicha." That it has a "Din a feicha" literally means that it's 26:19 swollen or bloated. But what that really means is it's actually a reference over here. Rashi points out to the color of it. To the color. Rashi says, "Din a feicha na'asis lavana." So, in other words, it's bloated is or it's swollen and it's white. "K'eiv ikas like wood." "D'ainu nami b'chazusa." Says also A lot of these terms, by the way, overlap because in this way what in this what we're talking about over here, 26:44 the din a feicha that it's bloated, that's really a reference to the fact that it looks white like wood. "V'eek id am." Others say, "D'pechiza." That ultimately, again, pechisa Rashi says, "Kasha." That is it's hard. It's stiff. We get the amri the shia. That is totally smooth. Less loch tocha d'uni. 27:01 It has no division of the lobes. So, that's interesting. So, again, so this will be at the whole thing almost be smoothed out. No division of the lobes. Amar Rava. Rava Okay, so I'll say so this those are all those are all different this so alacha l'maisa what they are saying is if the lung is like wood, the lung the animal is a treifa. 27:18 What's the definition of like wood? All these various different opinions. Amar Rava. Rava says, "Ke kochla ksheira." Now, this is interesting. What happens if the lung has a bluish color to it? Now, kochla we'll say literally is like eye makeup. Rashi says, "Ke kochla." I'm in the first short line in Rashi "Ke kochla." Seva kochal. So, this is like eye makeup that is blue. Shuki maro lo 27:42 yarok v'lo shachar. Okay, so this is like a blue like a blue like eye eye makeup. So, what happens if the lung is blue? So, the amara says, "Ksheira." Interestingly enough it's kasha. Kasha. Ke d'yusa treifa. If it's Now, d'yusa d'yo is like ink. So, Rashi says over here "Ke d'yusa." Korat d'yo yavish v'shachar. If it's black. If the lung is black, that's a treifa. Amar Rebbi Chanina because Rebbi Chanina says, 28:06 "Shachar adam hu al shalachat." Black Black is really a color All black is really red, but it's a color red that's been literally afflicted. So, black is going to say so essentially what the amara seems to be saying over here is that excessive redness. We actually saw this before. Excessive redness by the lung could also be problematic. So, when it's black black is really excessive redness and therefore again alacha l'maisa will be a treifa. We'll say by 28:31 the way we find this we find this by hilchos nida also. By hilchos nida there are certain colors that are problematic. Certain colors are not problematic. Interestingly enough black is one of the problematic colors by hilchos nida because alacha in general looks at black as red which was It's again, what's the word? 28:50 Oxidized, thank you. Thank you. I was going to say strip Yeah, nothing. I wasn't going to say anything. I don't know what I was going to say. Right? I was going to say I'm going to got to suffered a lung will set back, you know, it's a You know, it's oxidized. Thank you. So, they probably must have Yarak. 29:05 Now what Now watch this. Yarak. Now again, we'll say this actually very interesting cuz this is fascinating because this comes up all the time. When I say Yarak, you think green. So, okay. So, so now watch watch it. So, let let's go with that for now. But you're going to see this happens all the time. 29:21 Whenever the Gemara uses the the color Yarak, there's always controversy about what Yarak means. But for our our purposes right now, let's go with green. So, Yeruka, if the lung is green, shera, ultimately again, it's going to be kosher. It's going to be kosher. Now, Rashi says over here, why why is that exa- Well, let's see. Yeruka ksheira mid R' Nosson adum mid R' Nosson That's mid R' Nosson. 29:46 Aduma ksheira, similarly again, if the lung is red, Gemara says ksheira mid R' Nosson. R' Nosson also holds that a red lung is going to be kosher. Now, both green and red, R' Nosson holds that a locha l'maisa will be kosher. Now, why is that? If you look at Rashi, Rashi says the hajra bari mid R' Nosson. It's not that red and green are kosher colors, but it's that red and green represent situations that are currently 30:09 problematic but will heal, are healable. Cuz what's Remember again, what's the whole deal of treifa? The whole thing of treifa is that the animal has a condition that is what? Essentially irreversible, irreversible, and will lead to some type of mortality. 30:25 R' Nosson holds that if you have colors that represent conditions that are reversible, it's not a treifa. See, he holds that red and green happen to be colors that represent there's a problem, but a locha l'maisa not an irreversible one, therefore won't be a treifa. The Gemara tells us to listen to this. The sanya, cuz we only learn from R' Nosson. 30:41 R' Nosson R' Nosson says, "P'am achas halachli l'krochei na'i Listen to this. Rabbeinu Nissim has a great story. "One time I went overseas." And what happened? "Basa ish alai lefanai." "A woman came before me. She mothered ben na rishon umes, sheni umes." She She never She had a son, they circumcised the son, the son died as a result of milah. Second son died as a result of 31:04 milah. And the boss I saw again, the more causes this is hemophilia. So the Gemara says, "Shlishi, now she had her third son, hevi asu lefanai." Ultimately again she brought him before me to understand like what should she do. And I will say, I just want to point out there is a dramatic machlokes I will show them over here because there is a raging machlokes in general in Shas how many times does 31:27 it take to establish chazaka. What's the machlokes? Is it two times or three times? Many of the rishonim pointed at this Gemara that say, "What do you see from this Gemara?" Two times. So So to which those other rishonim say, "Oh, well, there's another version of the Gemara." The other version of the Gemara is that she's not bringing her third son to Rabbeinu Nissim, but rather she's bringing her fourth son to Rabbeinu Nissim. Okay, just know that that machlokes exists. In any event, let's just go with the pashut pshat. She 31:51 brings her third son before Rabbeinu Nissim. "Shlishi, hevi asu lefa- lefa- lefanai. Reish ish shehaya odom." I saw the baby was very red. Baby was very red. "Amarti lo, I said to her, 'Biti, imtini lo ad sheyivlo bo damo. Wait. 32:09 Wait. Don't perform the milah now. Literally, wait until the blood is better absorbed in his body.' Right? So whatever whatever the condition was, Rabbeinu Nissim saw that somehow the blood was not properly absorbed in the child's body, and that must have happened with his two older brothers as well, and that's why again halacha lemaaseh wait to do the milah until the blood is absorbed. "Imtini lo." So they waited 32:32 for the baby. "Umada also bechaya." And baruch Hashem they did a bris milah, the baby lived, Vayikra in also, Nosson Bavli al Shimon. Right? And they Al Shimon, and they named him Nosson Bavli after me. They named him after me. So, I will say there's so many there's so many incredible pieces about this story. 32:52 Okay, so first I'll just point out something amazing, how, you know, when we do bris milah, there are two brachas that are made on bris milah. There's the bracha of al hamilah, which the the mohel, or really the father should do it. Whoever's whoever's doing the circumcision, the milah itself, makes the bracha of al hamilah. And then, which is on the mitzvah of milah, and then there's a bracha of la'hachniso b'vris social Avraham Avinu. Baruch atah Hashem Elokeinu Melech ha'olam, Hashem 33:14 who gives us the source of all blessing, King of the King of the world, la'hachniso, to enter my son into the bris of Avraham Avinu. So, what what is that bracha? Like what what exact what exactly is that bracha? So, Rebbe says, so many of the commentaries point out that what that bracha is, that is when a father obligates his son to be moser nefesh for Yiddishkeit. We obligate our 33:38 children to sacrifice for Judaism. And the first sacrifice that a little boy makes is at eight days old. And it's an unwilling sacrifice. Like a lot of sacrifices we have to make in life, I don't want to. I don't want to, but I have to. And that's what we condition our children to do from a young age. 33:59 Yiddishkeit is all about sacrifices. You know, we look at sacrifice as a bad word. I I don't want to have to give anything up. But remember, every single decision you make is a sacrifice, right? You decide to eat fleishigs for dinner, there's no ice cream for dessert. I know that doesn't rank on the high on the high list of sacrifices, but every decision comes with a sacrifice. You 34:21 can't have everything. And life is all about what are you willing to sacrifice, and what are you willing to sacrifice for. And isn't it incredible? From eight days old, we teach our children the notion of sacrifice. You have to be willing to give. But I will say that's great at 8 days, but then as we go on, if we want children who are willing to sacrifice for you the sky, 34:45 our children have to see parents who are willing to sacrifice for you the sky. They have to see us being willing to make the day-to-day sacrifices to become true and inspired Jews day in and day out. Why am I mentioning this? Well, so think about this story for just a moment. I don't know, there's something very gripping about this story for me which I I couldn't really find any more information on it. 35:06 But see, what's gripping about this story is as follows. Number one, number one, it's the mother coming before Rabbi Nosson, which is very interesting because the primary obligation of Mila is upon the father, right? The Mishnah in Maseches Kiddushin. Father has the obligation. So, it's already interesting that it's the mother that's coming to Rabbi Nosson. It's the mother that's coming to ask the shaila, not the father. What else happened over here? 35:29 This woman has lost two children. In any other construct in the world, one would have said, "I'm not touching this thing called bris mila with a 10-ft pole. I'm just I'm I'm not It's not It's not even a shaila." But that's not how a Yid works. 35:45 The way a Yid works is Hakadosh Baruch Hu asks me to do something, and I do it. But it hurts, but it's painful, but it's difficult, but it's overwhelming. That's the job. That's the job, and it's the greatest job in the world, and it's the greatest zechus in the world. But no one ever said that greatness is easy, and no one ever said that self-actualization is easy, and no one ever said being beloved 36:09 or being chosen by Hakadosh Baruch Hu is easy. None of it is easy. But it's the job, and it's the greatest privilege in the world. There's such a something so overwhelming about this story. The tragedy of it, the sadness of it, almost like the heartbreak that's implicit, that's buried within the lines, but yet that's what a Yid does. I show up and I 36:32 will keep showing up, no matter how difficult, no matter how challenging, no matter how overwhelming it becomes. Incredible. Another story. The Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim Medina's Cappadocia. One time I went to Cappadocia. What happened there? Boss you shall find him alone shown. So a woman came before me. 36:49 Now this woman again had circumcised her son Umeis and the baby died. Sheini Umeis. Second child, the baby died. Shlishi have you also find I third son came they brought the baby before me. Reishis Shana Yarak. I saw the baby was was Now here's what I was saying. 37:06 Green. Now the truth is it would make it would even be better if you translated Yarak as yellow. Right? But again, we're using green here. Now we're going to come This is what I'm saying. This is always This This is always the tension with Yarak. Is Yarak Is Yarak green? Is Yarak yellow? Right now we're using it as green. And so the baby was greenish. 37:24 It That's It's That's the bow. I looked at examined him. For all how you bow down brace and I saw whatever this means that there was no blood absorbed in the mark of Mila. The blood The blood had not gotten absorbed in that part of the body. I might be like said there be continue low at people bow down low. 37:42 Wait until this blood settles in his body. Continue low. I waited righteous to what they waited for him. Umala also they circumcised him. The higher box lived by a current also nothing have badly ocean. And they named them after me. Nothing have badly both say by the also want to point out something amazing which is this whole hang up that we Ashkenazim have about not naming after the living. Right? If is is a relatively 38:07 newer thing. It was very common to name after living people. Very common people. Now again, especially you saw it by you saw it by great rabbonim about naming after great rabbonim even if they were alive. This was absolutely something that was an obviously it is developed Ashkenazic practice that we do not name after the living. As far as the many of the Sefardim they do name after living. 38:30 I have to agree with the concept of naming after the living. Which is interesting to see. They were telling the story of people living naming after literally again a living rub. And now why they added on the Bobly piece I'm not I'm not that's interesting, right? They call them not just Nassan, right? But Nassan a Bobly. Okay, interesting. 38:48 The Gamorah goes right there. So the Gamorah says as follows, uh good I'm going to have kind of he carved the kashira. Kind of was back to lungs. Back to the lungs. He carved the kashira. What happens if again the lung is the color of the liver. Looks like the liver. Ultimately again it's going to be kosher. Kibisra treifa. But ultimately again if the lung has the same coloration as the flesh. 39:10 Which I would say would seem to indicate to us that alacha l'maaseh again very reddish color then ultimately treifa. That's going to be treifa as you saw before. Again, this is not like Rabbi Nassan, right? Rabbi Nassan is the of the opinion that actually a red lung will be fine cuz Rabbi Nassan holds that red just means there's a current issue but a resolvable issue. As long as it's resolvable it's not a treifa. So 39:33 now obviously I just want to point out when you're seeing this lung and it's very red according to Rabbi Nassan according to Rabbi Nassan it's nice that it's red and red is resolvable. There's only one problem which is if you're seeing this lung, what does that mean? The animal is dead. So obviously the animal would say obviously once you're dead there are very few things that are resolvable. Right? Which is actually a tremendous tremendous mussar haskel. 39:55 Right? Once you're dead you can't really resolve stuff. Which means if you have stuff in life that needs to get resolved, resolve it now because we don't know how much time we have on this earth. But the point that Rabbi Nassan is making is since technically speaking it is resolvable had the animal still been alive, that doesn't make the animal a treif. But obviously, that is That's 40:19 R' Nachman. Everyone else is holding that when you have when you have a red lung, red lung is indicative of disease and it's a treif. Okay, we see money clearly. Remember this is a buster basar treif. Okay, he says a good money. In other words, the How do you remember it? That if the lung looks like buster, then ultimately again treif. Good. Amora of Sammai Rabba. Hi red damya. Keep Keep Now watch this. 40:44 Keep shusha ukimorika ukigon be assa treif. If you have a lung that looks like hops, that's shusha hops, right? Kimorika is saffron. Or bius biassa is an egg. Meaning that's what? It's yellow. It's yellow. Halacha the says treif. So if you have a yellowish lung, it's treif. So watch this. Ella yaroka dikshira heiki damya. So one second, but you said yarok is kosher. So we'll say 41:08 here it is. Here's the tension. See where the problem is? We were using yarok this whole time as green. The Amora said, "Well, one second, yarok also means yellow. And you said yarok is kosher." And the Amora said, "No, no, no, heiki damya kikar sino like leeks. Like leeks." No, no, no. In this context, in this context ultimately again, in this context yarok will mean green, not yellow. They will say this this same 41:31 this tension comes up every single time. For example, again, the Amora the Amora brings the apple. Okay, what the Amora says brochos brings down about the time of Mashiach. What is Mashiach? You can tell there's a thing between treif less and yarok, right? So again, treif less and treif less is What what what what is that? So once again, if the Amora really means to say between blue and green, but there's this confusion and ambiguity because yarok can also mean yellow. But again, in this context, green green 41:56 green is good, yellow is treif. So the Amora goes right to Amora Avina. Amora Avina says as follows, "Otem breya meisina sakina karina." So what is this very interesting case over here? Otem breya, what happens if halacha l'maaseh, there is an area of the lung that is sealed off and air is not getting into that area of the lung. So, what what what is the halacha? So, the gemara 42:20 says, "My sealant sakina become in a way. We go ahead and we bring an apron and we cut open the sealed area." E is ba mugla v'day machmas muglu k'sheira. So, again, if pus comes out, then we assume what happened over here is that halacha l'maaseh got sealed from the pus, but the animal is not a treifa, ok, sheira. V'lo masvinan ah v'lo v'lo masvinan, but ultimately we say v'lo, 42:43 but if pus doesn't come out when you kind of open up the area where it's sealed, then I will say we revert back to what we spoke about yesterday. Masvinan al lo gadfa oroka. So, we go ahead and we bring a feather, spittle or again or straw as well. Im im vats t'sva im vats im Sorry. Im vats b'tsa k'sheira. If the feather or the spittle moves, it's kosher. Excuse me. 43:08 V'lo treifa. And ultimately, if not, I will say this is the reverse of what we said yesterday, right? Cuz remember yesterday we were looking for puncture on the lungs. If you knew where the puncture was, if you put the feather on top there and you blew air into it and it moved, that indicated that halacha l'maaseh again, the animal was a treifa. 43:26 But, here this is an internal an internal thing. What we want to see over here is air flow within the lungs themselves. So, if you have two parts of lungs that essentially were sealed up, the treifa would be a similar if there wasn't air flow between. So, therefore again, we cut it open. If pus oozes out, great. Then we know that it was just pus that sealed it together. If there's no pus that came out, then what we have to 43:50 look for is once you open it up, if you put a feather there and then you blow, does the feather move? If the feather moves, that's good. That's good because that indicates internal air flow within the lungs, which means that it's not a treifa. Ultimately again, no air flow, that means that somehow something else is stopping it up besides the pulse. All right, the pulse stops there for today. 44:10 We'll stop over here for today. We'll pick up in tomorrow's session. There's more There's more on that case. The internal air flow piece, we're going to pick up with that tomorrow. Shkoyach, everyone.
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