This transcript is auto-generated and may contain errors.
0:04 Man, it's so good to have you here in person. Great to have you here in person. Sorry. No. I even look I even look I even look for it. Okay, I was going to do that thing. Was it a big crowd? Neither. 0:25 Occupational hazard. Oh. All right, everyone say Good morning. Good morning, everyone. I think it's all right. Good morning, everyone. And good to walk. Great to be able to begin another week of together begin by thanking all of our sponsors for this morning share to thank our sponsors for the month of Sivan for dedicating all the this month in memory of father of all 0:55 of all of our sponsors for today I Allen and Sarah Steinberg This is for the health of this Susha Shmuli even as a for the health of Shmuli's father Mordecai ben Hava who underwent surgery this past week. This especially meaningful as it is the best after more than 50 years as a 1:18 may the learning be a for the complete of Mordecai ben Hava so all of Israel. And Jeff Schwartz on the occasion of his father's third yard site Shmuel ben Shimon Halevi Mr. Steven Schwartz we hope in the merit of our all of the families and all those in need of should have together with all of Israel continues to look after our brothers and 1:42 sisters in Israel to allow our holy soldiers to be successful in all of their deeds and it should be a week of incredible and all of Israel for Israel and the entire world. So with that, let us begin. Today's daf is mem hey, 55. We are picking up on the top of mem hey, mem hey is the top. Now, if you notice earlier this morning I sent out just a bunch of bunch of stuff on the WhatsApp chat. So, we'll be referencing 2:06 a number of these images in Hashem in in today's daf as well. So, a lot a lot of technical fascinating technical information today in Hashem. So, let's begin. Pull up the pictures. I have it over here. Okay, perfect. So, the maran says I'm going to be good in maran. So, who this said in name of maran? It's going to say literally top second now second line 45A 2:32 45A mem hey amud aleph. Nikva kankfa Can excuse me, nikva kankfa midstart from the ruba. So, what say we're talking about over here? The halacha is like this. Remember, one of the biggest distinctions between the konah and the vesha, the trachea and the esophagus is is that halacha l'maaseh, the esophagus the vesha, any amount of perforation by definition makes it into a treifa. By the konah, by the trachea, it is only if it's rov. 2:57 Now, we're going to see in fact it's not really rov. There's another shiyur that's going to be brought down on on daf nun dalet which you're going to reference today the size of a dinner. But for now for our purposes, we'll go with rov. So, then order for the trachea in order for a treif in order for the trachea perforation to make the animal a treifa, it has to be the majority perforated. Now, the gemara brings a very interesting case over here. What happens if on the trachea you have a 3:21 number of smaller perforations. Literally again it's perforated like a sieve. That's the lashon. Perforated like a sieve. So, halacha l'maaseh, so Rav says nikva kankfa midstart from the ruba. The smaller perforations can combine together to form a rov. So, if you add up if you add up all of the smaller perforations and it turns out that that they equal up to a majority of 3:46 the trachea, ultimately the animal is a treifa. So, the gemara says masa Rav Ami bar Rav Ami bar Rav is the kashya. What's his kashya? It's actually an interesting case. So, what we're going Golus when it comes to a skull, she she but neck of all of even if the skull skull has one long perforation. I feel the issue on the common hobby mix stuff in mix stuff in the middle of my stuff. 4:08 Okay, so first of all, what's the case here? Let's take a look at Rashi in just a moment. Rashi says over here a big Golus. So, what they suggest to understand the Kiddish that's being advanced by Rav is that up until now when we speaking about perforation of the trachea, the assumption is that the perforation is all one we'll call it one cohesive perforation. The Kiddish that Rav is advancing is that even if you have a number of smaller perforations, they could combine if if they if they 4:31 combine and they turn out to be a row, that's considered as if the trachea is perforated. Rav Yirmiyah raises the catch. Look at Rashi a big Golus last of the widest lines in Rashi the God be all of these. So, remember again, we're stretching ears over here. This has nothing to do with animals. This now is corpse to my. So, with corpse to my that will have to say as follows. Tanya by he the comic is from the Shidra cut on the safer big Golus 4:56 condition not to be in a case. Remember what we spoke about this last week a little bit as well. The Halacha of my son classic case of to my soul is when you have a corpse, but the Halacha is as follows. There are certain parts of the body where if they are intact can also go ahead and convey corpse to my. Among those we saw the spinal cord, the spinal column and in addition to that is the skull. If you have an intact skull and 5:19 you are underneath the same roof with that intact skull, you could contract to my soul. The Shila is if the skull is deficient or I should say if the skull is deficient, it will not convey to my soul, which then leads us to a simple question, which is how deficient is deficient? How much of the skull has to be missing in order that the skull will not convey to my soul. 5:42 So, the Gamara points at Rashi points out there because the Gamara says it's because of those. Come on you not to be in a hurry Yamos come on you make that >> So, how much of a skull has to be deficient? So, literally again the size of a drill. So, apparently again so surgeons, neurosurgeons in the times of the times of the Mishnah, so it sometimes go ahead and drill a hole in the skull. It will say by the way it's 6:06 interesting, it's fascinating that you see other Gemaras that reference this that when there was swelling on the brain, so they even understood they how however they were able to diagnose that, but they understood also that you had to relieve pressure. You had to relieve pressure on the brain. How would they do so? By drilling a hole in the skull. So, if you have the size of I guess like whatever the surgical drill bit, so to speak, right? Whatever the size of that 6:29 surgical a surgical drill, that's the amount that makes a skull deficient. Okay. So, now again so what does it say? So, now coming back now to Hilchos Tumah. So, Hilchos Tumah, so if you have a skull, so remember again if you have an intact skull under the same roof with that skull, you'll contract tumas meis, but if that skull is deficient, it does not convey tumas meis. How much of a 7:05 deficiency? The size of a surgical drill bit. Now, that's fine. Now, again technically that would normally be a circular size. So, you might have been dealt with the idea what happens if it's not a circular hole. It's a linear hole. It's a line. So, okay. So, we assess it. If it was the size of a circle, would it have the requisite sheer? Same idea if you have a number of smaller holes in the skull, if they combine to form the 7:29 size of the drill bit, then the skull is deficient. And if the skull is deficient, it does not convey tumas ohel. Beautiful. So, the Gemara says, what do you say? So, Bal Goral goes back to the Gemara now. So, master of the Goral now. Bal Goral goes when it comes to a skull she yesh ben kever achad v'al aroch if has a long hole instead of a circular hole. After the issue on the cover of her bay, even if it has multiple smaller perforations, what's 7:52 the halacha? It starts in the morning McDoc. So again, the smaller perforations or the longer perforation combined to form the size of the drill bit. So what do you see from here? I'm a cave in the shoe and I might make that the money make that my stuff you know. So the idea of what we're going to say is that remember we have a shear. What's the shear? What's the shear? The shear is the size of a drill bit. Once I know that that's the shear, even though 8:15 classically that size or that shape is what? Circular. If you end up having a perforation that is linear or multiple smaller perforations, no problem. We just see if when you combine them, if they form the size of the circular opening of the circular hole, then that's enough to make the skull deficient. And if it's deficient, it does not convey to mass oil. So what's the shiloh? How can I mean cave in the 8:38 shear the shear break the Easter? So we'll say, okay. So now the idea of here is like this. The Gamara is coding a piece of information that we have not been given yet. And this is going to come up on Monday on Olive that the shear actually again to make a treifa to make a treifa from what we'll call a tracheal perforation is the size of a dinner coin. 9:01 That's that's actually So it's not roll but it's rather it's the size of a dinner cup. Take a look at Rashi. For how can I mean Rashi says I forgot the book. It goes shear of the rubber got been a cover to none. We must need some at come at at key Easter have a turkey. So we're going to see we're going to see later on that there's a difference ultimately again when it comes to the trachea. If 9:24 the trachea is split or there's a piece opening or there's a piece missing, right? So if there's a split, like if if the trachea is cut, so what makes the trachea into a treifa or example to a treifa treifa is if more than 50% of the trachea is cut. But if the trachea is actually deficient, perforated, it's the size of an issur coin. That's what 9:48 actually makes the animal into a treifa. So the Gemara says "Hacha nami, keivan d'shurei k'issur, l'kei issur mitstarfin." So too over here again, so same way by by the skull, it's the size of the drill bit. So so too by the trachea, it is the size ultimately again of an issur coin. And therefore halacha l'maaseh, even if you have multiple smaller perforations, if they combine to form the size of a coin, then it's a 10:11 treifa. Less than the size of a coin, it won't be a treifa. Okay? So the Gemara says "Rebbe Shimon say, so what's what's the kasha?" So remember again, just to follow the flow, Rebbe Yehuda said in the name of Rav that if halacha l'maaseh, the trachea was perforated like a sieve, which means it has multiple smaller perforations, if those smaller perforations combine to the sheer of rov, of the majority of the 10:33 trachea, the animal is a treifa. The Gemara then brings up a brings a shaila, or I should say Rav Yirmiya, Rav Yirmiya brings a kasha from the skull case. What's the skull case? What's the sheer that makes the skull deficient so that it won't convey tumas ohel? The size of a drill bit. And even if you have multiple smaller perforations, they combine to the drill bit. So too over here, the Gemara says 10:56 what's the size of tracheal perforation that makes it into a treifa? It's not rov, but rather what is it? It's the size of an issur. The size of a coin. And if you have multiple smaller perforations that combine to that issur, then under those circumstances, the animal will be a treifa. So the Gemara says here's the problem, "Ishtami d'hav d'amar Rebbe Yishmael bar Rebbe Chama bar Gurya amar Rav." So he forgot Rebbe Yirmiya forgot about a particular 11:20 teaching in the name of Rav. What was the teaching? This is very interesting. "Nikavin sheish b'nei issurim mitstarfin l'chay issur, v'she'ein b'nei issurim mitstarfin l'rov." So Rebbe Shimon say this is fascinating. Everything depends on the nature of the perforation. Remember again, we're talking about now a trachea that what that had that was perforated with multiple smaller perforations like a sieve. So, the Gemara says, those 11:44 perforations can manifest themselves in one of two ways. They could either be almost like holes in the trachea that go like all the way through or they could be like deficiencies in the trachea but don't necessarily go all the way through. So, the Gemara says this makes a very big difference. That's in the case of shiyeshi panchi tzarua. That means perforations that go all the way through the trachea. Meaning there's literally part of the trachea missing. 12:07 Halacha l'maaseh, the shiur for those perforations is the size of a coin. The size of an issar. The size of an issar. And they combine ultimately again from that size of the issar. However, if the perforations do not go all the way through the trachea. So, essentially again, they're pieces kind of missing on the surface of the trachea but they don't perforate all the way through, then the shiur for those perforations 12:30 ultimately is going to be a rov. Incredible. So, what they're saying is interesting. So, just two different two different shiurim in what makes a trachea into a treifa. If it's perforations that go all So, again, first of all, just you understand this distinction. And this will become clear when we get to Niddah. But the Gemara is introducing it now, which is if the trachea is cut, if it's cut, so what will make that into a treifa is if it's 12:53 more than 50% cut. 51% or more cut makes it into a treifa. If there's a piece of the trachea missing, there's like a hole, that's the size of an issar coin. Like issar italki. If there are perforations, if the perforations go all the way through, they could combine if they go all the way through, then they combine ultimately again to the size of an issar of the coin. If they do not go all the way through, then ultimately 13:18 again, they combine they create a problem only if they combine to form the shiur of a rov. Incredible. Amora'im Amora'im d'bei Nitlei men tzuah mitztaref l'keitzad. So we'll say this is another case. So means imagine for a moment there's a strip of the trachea missing. So just a strip straight down of the trachea missing. How long 13:42 you know what say what's the sheer for that? The sheer for that ultimately again is Mr. Like cuz we'll say which you begin to see is as follows. Anytime in the mercy introducing this here kind of a little bit just that a goal. When we're talking about a piece of the trachea missing, the sheer is going to be an issue. When we're talking about actual trachea cut like the trachea is 14:05 cut, then the sheer for that is rough. What about the show lady? What happens if the trachea is perforated like a sieve? Now this seems to go back to the previous discussion. We already learned this. You come and first of the widest lines. The cover behind Mr. 14:27 Ultimately again when there is when there is preparation. When there is tracheal perforation and there's and again the perforation goes through the entire trachea. So there's literally piece of the trachea missing. Ultimately again so we'll say that's considered to be like an opening in the trachea. The sheer for that is going to be an issue. But but ultimately again where there is nothing missing. In other words, where 14:50 where where the perforation it doesn't go the whole way through the trachea. But rather it's just pieces missing like from the surface of the trachea. Mr. Rubel then ultimately again the sheer is going to be rough. So we'll say so once again we are reinforcing the same piece of information. So first of all just understand there's two different ways in which the trachea could become a treifa. 15:12 Right? Either the trachea is cut. If it's cut, the sheer is rough. If there's a piece of it missing, the sheer is key issue the size of an issur coin. If there are multiple perforations in the trachea, then again it depends on the nature of the perforations. If the perforations go all the way through, cut go all the way through the trachea, then 15:35 the sheer they combine to form a sheer of an issur, which makes sense because that's a piece missing from the trachea. If however they don't go all the way through, they're just kind of surface perforations, then the sheer ultimately is rov. Okay? Incredible. So but offal is my What about by bird? Right? So again I'll say the assumption over here is the default that they were talking about behema. What about by bird? But offal is my Am I going to be sick from eating the offal of a bird? 15:58 Me kaf lo u manicho apia kona. So what they're saying is actually interesting. What we do is like this. Assuming that there's an area that is missing from the trachea, we view it as if we cut around the three existing sides of the trachea, and we fold it in. Im chova as rov as rov hakona treifa. If it would cover the majority of the kona, then ultimately again it's a treifa. Veim lav, sheira. 16:19 And ultimately again if not, it would be kosher. Okay, that's how you would determine the muscle. Amra papa papa says, the simanech naf nafya. The way to discern the way to remember this ultimately again is a seif. Okay? Niftacha kim in delas. So what they're saying is an interesting case. What happens if the trachea is cut It's cut, but what happens is there's not a piece of it that's missing. 16:41 Instead it's cut so that a piece of it is like a flap, like a door. Right? Same like a door. Like a door opens and close. So imagine for a moment the trachea is cut and now again there's a flap that's cut out, but it's there. It's present. So it opens so to speak opens and closes. How do you treat that? 16:57 If you look at Rashi, Rashi says Rashi is the first wide line in Rashi, niftacha kim in delas, v'lo notel hapesa. But the idea of what they're saying is there's no part of the trachea itself that's actually missing. It's all there. Elo talui v'omed. Zok of sham kim in delas b'mezuzah so. So like a door. So it's a flap. The flap is there. So, in other words, we'll say all of the trachea, so to speak, is present, but 17:21 there's a piece of it that's a flap. What's the status? In the Piskei Halachot Kedishin Issur VeHeiter, he says very interesting. So, we still we view that as deficient. We view that as deficient, as chaser, and therefore, again, what we look at is if, so to speak, if the door of the flap was open, would an issur coin be able to fit there? If an issur coin is able to fit there, then it's a treifah. If not, not. Nistaka. What if 17:45 it's split? So, the Gemara says, "Afilu Nish'ayeh Ela Chulyah Achas Lemalah VeChulyah Achas Lematah Kesheirah." Okay, so what's in there? Watch this. So, now, the case of nistaka, Rashi says over here, this is the second white line in Rashi, towards the end of the line. Rashi says, "Nistaka Lo Archa." So, this is talking about an interesting case. Let's say, let's say the konya, let's say the 18:08 trachea is cut down its length. Right? So, there's a split down the length of the trachea. So, what is the status? So, the Gemara says, now, if you look at Rashi, Rashi says, "Nistaka Lo Archa VeChilu Mekulhu." This is actually more meikel than anything else. "Deheicha Denifsak Lerachbo Berubbo, Mitoch She'areh Mushachas Lematah, Ve'achar Moshech Lemalah, Nitach Veholech 18:32 Legamrei Velo Choder Chalam." So, the boss says, this is very interesting. So, the Gemara says, if when the trachea is [clears throat] split according to its width, so that's the classic case of tracheal splitage. Right? And when it's cut according to its width, what's the halacha? When is it a treifah? When is it if it's split? What is it a treifah? 18:50 Rov. Rov. Now, Rashi says the reason for that is because, essentially, it's going to get pulled apart. Why is it going to get pulled apart? Because just gravity is going to pull it apart, right? In other words, when the animal is going to move its neck, which is going to extend it upwards, you have the weight of the lungs, which is going to pull it downwards. So, at the end of the day, it's going to split. The The part is when it's split along its length, what's 19:13 the status? Rashi Rashi and the sons already learn the stance >> [clears throat] >> that that is a we'll call it less traumatic injury for the animal. So, the is interesting if so we're talking about a case where let's say it can be split according to its length and it can be split according to the entire length, but yet it's not possible that it's a treif. 19:31 This is quite interesting. So, the mayor says mystica. So, if it's split along the length, I'm a rabba feel alone in elbow and holy the mother holy the mother Sheila. As long as there is one ring of the trachea of even if there's only one ring of the trachea above and one ring of the trachea below, ultimately again is kosher. So, again 19:53 the mayor says I'm coming to be open on they said this is a mayor my holy my holy become a lot. What are you talking about? What what rings are you referring to? I mean my I feel alone in my mother my holy the mother my holy the mother Sheila. So, the mayor says this is quite interesting. So, the mayor wants to suggest that when the trachea is split according to its length, as long as there is a piece of the trachea 20:16 intact above and a piece intact below, the animal is not the animal is going to be totally fine and will not be a treif. Incredible. I'm real I made you be open on my be honest on hockey on my yachting cabin by blowing the shisha at the mall. Do our Babylonian friends know how to interpret it this way? And the mayor says this was a this was a 20:40 reference of Yona son ultimately I getting it from above. So, this was an affirmation that indeed the mayor suggesting that if the trachea is split along its length, as long as there is part of the trachea that is intact above the split and intact intact below the split, the animal is going to be kosher. 20:56 Quite fascinating. So, the mayor says turn around be here by yourself to be open on call it what is very interesting case call it Sarah Kula. Kula kosher the shisha meat about saggy dollar at can't say Raya taco. so what he's saying is very interesting. 21:13 Now remember, the Halacha L'Maaseh the Gemara says that that if you go ahead the entire neck is kosher for Shchita from the Tabacha Gedola. So what he's saying is the Tabacha Gedola is the cartilage, right? The upper cartilage of the trachea. So right from the upper cartilage of the trachea Now Ad Kanfei Re'aha Tachtona sounds like this to what he's saying. Remember again, the trachea 21:35 extends into the lungs. So what this sounds like is up until the lower wings or the lower the lower lobes of the lungs. Now what he's saying now that's a very strange statement. Why? Cuz that sounds like you could even do Shchita into the lungs of the animal, right? So I I understand the upper part, right? So the Gemara says Kol Sh'hu D'Shchita Mi'Tabacha Gedola, the upper the upper 21:58 cartilage of the trachea up until the lower lung lobes of the lung. So the Gemara says one second, no no no. Amora'ah Tachtona Shehi Elyona. It actually means again the bottom ones which are the upper ones. So what he's saying now now what does this mean? So Rashi actually points out over here this is actually quite fascinating. 22:15 Rashi says that if you if you understand they are referring to the fact that generally when you would Shochet an animal you would suspend it upside down. So therefore again when they say until the lower lower lower wings Sorry. When they say Ad Kanfei Re'aha Tachtona the bottom the bottom wings of the lungs they actually mean up until the top of the lungs, right? But it's referencing again when 22:39 the animal is hanging upside down. So pretty much what the Gemara is saying is like this. You the area of Shchita is from the upper cartilage of of the trachea up until where pretty much where the trachea enters into the lungs. That entire area is going to be kosher for Shchita. So the Gemara says Shinyo Me'ikasa cuz I say this is actually very interesting. Kol Shepo Shetas Savoro. 23:03 Actually, I don't I did not include a I didn't include a good picture of this. But you could see but you could see good but you could see um here you could take a look actually I'm sorry I didn't number the pictures either. It's the one two already going to in the second image over here you could see. First of all, in the first image I didn't do it because it's pretty it's pretty self-explanatory you can see over here 23:26 the picture of the Easter size coin missing from the trachea. You can see that. In the second picture of you could see where the trachea enters into the lungs. You see that second picture? Right? And you could see again first you see a picture of the trachea entering into the lungs and then you can see the trachea and the lungs laying down. You can see over here I essentially the trachea goes right between the two lobes 23:49 of the lungs. It's right there. So when the Gamorah says you can see the upper piece of you see you see you see where I'm where you see Sorry, you know we we need it we need a I I need a bigger screen. Cuz that would be very or maybe or maybe just even uh Okay. 24:07 So in the in the image that I sent you on the PDF page two. Page two on the PDF. So first of all you can see when we talk about the upper cartilage of the trachea that's called the Tabasa Gedola. That's called Tabasa Gedola. That's the upper cartilage. So that is the upper that is the upper area where ultimately again you are able to go ahead and do the Shrita. And you can see you could do it that white. That entire thing is the 24:31 trachea and pretty much you could do it up until the point where the trachea enters into the lungs. You will say by the way you can't do it in the lungs. Why can't you do it in the lungs? Because if you end up cutting the lungs while you're cutting the trachea you make the animal a traifa. Remember you haven't seen this part remember any level of perforation in the lungs that's why by the way most times when animals are traifus the traifus usually occur in 24:55 the lungs because any amount of lungal perforation, yes, new word, right? Any amount of lungal perforation ultimately again makes it into a treifa. So, therefore again, when we speak about this ideal that you can go ahead and shecht up until So, pretty much you're shechting with the kind of entering into the lungs. 25:15 That's the picture over here. And if you go down if you go down to page six, you can see another picture of this. Again, this is kind of looking at it straight. This is from the ArtScroll. That's couple of inches from the ArtScroll Gemara. You can see again the white is the trachea and you can see again how the trachea enters all the way into the lungs itself. Okay, so back to the Gemara. We'll come back to these pictures in just a moment. So, the Gemara says as follows. 25:37 The Gemara says Shani Omer, so Amora Katan shall Yona Shani Omer Kol she posheta tzavara varoa uvachloteha onis. So, what says so Rava gives So, actually interesting, Rava gives a very interesting way to remember this. If you want to know the area of the neck in which you could do shchita. If you want to know the area of the neck, it's pretty much when the animal is grazing, whatever part of the neck is extended 26:00 when it grazes, that's the area that you could do shchita on. So, again, however again, uvachloteha onis. This is only however again assuming that it's not that that there's no onis. It's not It's It's not Rashi says you're not extending the neck of the animal. So, Rava said this is important because you can see if you see any of the the videos of contemporary shchita, they're putting the animal in some type of contraption. 26:25 The animal's neck is then lifted up. So, remember again, in that case, the animal's neck is really being extended even further than it would normally. So, again, it's okay because we're shechting towards the top of the neck anyway, but it would actually be a problem if you would be shechting towards the bottom part of the neck because then the neck is being unnaturally extended. So, Rava says, if you want to know the area of the neck that is kosher for shchita, 26:48 it's the area that it normally extends when grazing. On Sasa Mama, but what happens if the animal itself extends its neck unusually? Right, so in other words, I understand I can't extend the neck unusually. What happens if the animal extended its neck unusually and I shucked it in that area of unusual extension? Is that a kosher shuck or 27:13 not? The Gamorah says, "Teko." Okay. Maybe night. So I must say interesting case over here. So Resh Lakish was sitting and they're talking and the following issue came up. So I must say ultimately again, honest besimana means it's actually interesting case. If you look at Rashi, Rashi, sorry, sorry, not not not yet. 27:39 Honest besimana means, so I must say, "So what happens if the shochet pushed the simanim out?" So let's say again, I must say, "So the trachea, so trachea is it's so extended into the lungs. What happens if let's say the shochet manipulated the animal so that he pushed the trachea out from outside of the lungs? What would happen over there?" If he shucked Sula, ultimately yes, such a shuck is going to be possul. Nikav 28:01 hakana lemata min ha chaza, nidon karea. Now, why? Cuz I must say, "Now watch this. Because if the trachea is perforated below the chest. Now, below the chest means that's the area where the trachea has already entered into the lungs. So I must say, "We do not want any shuck to occur there." Why not? Cuz as we just saw, because if you're shucking where the trachea is already 28:25 coming to the lungs, you risk lungal perforation and lungal perforation again makes the animal a treif b'mashu. So therefore again, nikav hakana lemata min ha chaza, if again the trachea was perforated below the chest, below the chest representing the area where the trachea enters into the lungs, nidom karea. Interestingly enough, it's treated like the lungs and therefore any amount of perforation make it make it into a treif. Return to the bottom. Eizu 28:48 chaza. Okay, so what sides. So now, we're switching gears to just one but it's actually quite interesting. What is considered to be the chest of the animal? Now again, both sides. What is that matter? Look at Rashi. Rashi is seven lines up from the bottom. Turn up on on it's beginning of the line. E Zukasa? 29:05 Rashi says, "The gabe has a the shook." Again, right. The gabe has a the shook shall shalom him. Honey to the colon. So both sides. So now, we're totally switching gears. The halacha is when you offer up a carbon, when you offer up a shalom, and the halacha is you have to give the has a and the shook. Has a is the chest. You have to give the chest of the animal and the shook and the leg to the coin. Now I think what I was asking what area of the animal is 29:29 Excuse me, is considered to be the chest. So the gamora says actually very interesting. So the gamora says, uh E Zukasa as the gamora says a a roe as a carco the mata at hat sabar the mala. It is the area of the animal that literally again again is opposite the ground up until the neck, right? At hat sabar the mala as the gamora says the mala at a cas. I'm sorry. A roe as a 29:53 carco the mata at hat sabar the mala at a cas. So ultimately and it's the area on the bottom of the animal that is literally opposite the ground up until the neck and it extends up until the cas. So both sides. So just if you take a look on the PDF again, uh this is actually again page page four. 30:12 Uh sorry, page five. Page five says it's only ask of the maro. So you can see if you're both sides. Look, listen here. This is a picture of a cow. So you can see again the pink, right? The pink is the area ultimately again of the cow that opposite the ground. Ultimately again, it goes up until the cas. That's going left. That's where that green arrow is up until the cas and it goes up until the neck. Now there's one last 30:35 piece in this the gamora says, "Furthermore, hot take shade slows mish take the final ilik the ilik." You also give the coin you cut off two ribs. You include two ribs in that. The two ribs that's the green. That's the green. So interestingly enough, this is the area. This is the this is not the show. This doesn't include the foreleg. 30:55 Right, but this is the area of the chest that is given to the coin as part of his coin portion. Incredible. So this is a lot of really interesting stuff over there. Remember all about the trachea over here. Right, so side of this last piece over here. All about the trachea. So first of all, what do we know? First of all, very important piece of which is the area of the neck that is kosher for is the area of the neck that is normally extended when the animal grazes. That's 31:20 the area. What right we could go ahead and cut on the trachea from the top of the cartilage pretty much all the way until the trachea enters into the lungs. You need to stay away from the lung area. Why? Because at that point interestingly enough, this is fascinating. The area where the trachea enters into the lungs is essentially treated like the lungs. Now, what that means is as follows. As much as the remember again what 31:44 by the trachea, how much of the trachea has to be missing in order for the animal to be a treifa? What's the answer? It depends. What does it depend on? Are we talking about perforation, right? Are we talking about cottage, right? If it's cottage, 51%. Right, if it's perforation, the size of an the problem is if it's in the lung area, then it's treated like the lung. What's 32:08 by the lung? How much of the lung has to be perforated? Any amount. Any amount, which means then the trachea is treated the same way. Okay, fast as let's go right there. Next next case next case of the mission was if if the membrane around the brain ultimately so we'll say so again, quick quick quick quick intro. The brain is contained right brain is the skull. Inside of the 32:31 skull is the brain. The animal has two membranes around the brain. There's an upper membrane which is a little bit thicker. That membrane actually itself is really attached to the skull. And then there's a secondary membrane that is around the brain itself. Actually, I put a picture of this over here. So, this is This is page Okay, this is actually this is page page 32:55 three. Page three. So, what was I saying? Just I saw if you zoom in on it over here, which you can see over here. By the way, just a special thank you to Rabbi Daniel who's online today. Brought me back to safer from Rabbi Yisrael. Anything and everything you ever wanted to know about any interior part of an animal, including the stuff you never want to know about, is all in here. Baruch Hashem. And here's what's the best part that Rabbi Yisrael has to thank you for. 33:17 And this is good cuz there's a English safer like this also. But this safer is incredible because what it does is in the back of it, it actually goes ahead and puts all of the pictures on each daf. So, it tells you each daf of Gemara what page in the safer to turn to. So, the images that I'm giving you are from the safer Sfas Yisrael by Rabbi Daniel. 33:34 I mean, he's 6,000 mi away, but he's right here with us in shul. Incredible. Incredible. So, what was I saying? So, now if you take a look at this picture, let me show you what you're looking at. What you're looking at over here, Rabbi Yisrael, is essentially a cross-section of the cranium. So, this is the cranium. This is the skull of the attic cranium split open. 33:51 So, if you notice over here, Rabbi Yisrael, in the Hebrew, you see where I am? See where I'm at? Page three. Right? So, if you notice and this is in Hebrew, it says "Kadeira." Kadeira literally means the cranium. That's what this is. So, if you notice again, in the cranium there's what's called "Kroma." "Ha'ulyon." That is the upper membrane. 34:07 So, that membrane is really itself attached to the cranium. Then to the right, if you notice, there's the moach. That's the brain. And if you notice again, there's that little knife holding up what looks like Saran Wrap around it. That's not Saran Wrap. That's the secondary membrane that is around the brain itself. Okay? So, now Here's what's interesting. So, the Mishna said that "Halacha l'maaseh, if 34:31 there's a perforation in the membrane, ultimately the animal is a treifor. So now I will say the Avishai is going to be Avishai is going to be which membrane are we talking about? So the Gamara says So Avishai both said if the upper membrane So again both said the upper membrane is the membrane that's really attached to the cranium, right, which is the thicker membrane. If that one is perforated, even if the secondary membrane, which is the one attached to the brain is not perforated, it's still 34:58 a treifor. Avishai said Avishai said Avishai Others say no, you have to have both membranes both membranes. Excuse me. Others say it has to be the secondary membrane, the membrane around the brain that's that's perforated as well. Avishai The way to remember this The way to remember this ultimately again is Avishai said the membrane of the brain pouch in which the brain is sitting. 35:19 Avishai Connect the brain to the neck. Avishai said we're going to see by the way that parallel to the brain is testicular perforation as well, which we're going to leave for now. We'll come back to that later on. Avishai When it comes to the brain Okay, so we'll say now watch this. So first of all, the way the Gamara seems to be indicating is that I look at the Mesa in order for the animal to be a treifor, you need the membrane around 35:47 the brain itself to be perforated. It's not enough for the upper membrane to be perforated. The membrane around the brain itself needs to be perforated as well. So Avishai says now, the Gamara isn't interested in this. Remember the spinal cord is attached to the brain. So Avishai said now here's what's interesting. So now the Gamara is going to discuss at what point at what point does the brain begin, right, or the brain end and the spinal cord begin and vice versa. This is very interesting. So the Gamara says So Avishai said Avishai 36:11 said Avishai When it comes to the brain, Avishai Whatever is inside of the cranium, right, is considered to be the brain. Avishai Whatever is outside of the brain ultimately again is considered to be like the spinal cord. Now again, on both sides, remember this is not semantics because remember what what is a treifa by the spinal cord is going to be 36:37 different than what's a treifa by the brain. So, knowing what's what is incredibly important. I mean, how can I muscle in my shake? From what point in time, ultimately again, does the does do we consider the brain as leaving the cranium and beginning of the spinal cord? 37:04 They're like two pulling, like literally pulling are like beans or [clears throat] lentils. Two lentils that sit at the base of the cranium. Okay, so I'm going to say let me show you this on the imagery over here. So, I'm going to show it to you in two places. So, first of all, on page three, on page three, you can see over here again about saying. So, this is at the edge of the cranium. This is what is called these two these two pulling. But the truth is I happen to think that the 37:28 better picture for this, the clearer picture for this is actually the ArtScroll picture of this. Sorry, which is um How did I not include it here? I thought I included it over here. Okay. So, All right, so you can see what I'm saying on page on page three, you can see over here remember you're you're looking essentially at a cross-section, right? The cross-section of the head and you can see over here these two pulling, 37:53 these two white white things. That represents the edge of the cranium and therefore again the edge of the edge of the brain brain area and past that ultimately again will be considered to be the shidra. Right? It will be considered to be the spinal cord. So, the Gemara says as follows. So, he says, "Um min a pullin velefnim kilifnim, from those pullin and inside that's considered to be the brain. Min a pullin 38:16 velahutz kilahutz, ultimately again from the pullin on the outside is the outside. O pullin asman any of them, But the actual area where those two pulling are, what is that considered? Is that like the brain or is that the spinal cord? I'm not exactly sure. Killifish name. But it would appear that ultimately again the area of the pulling themselves has the status of the brain. 38:38 But both of them also looked into birds. The given pulling were not going to be able to get it. Apparently birds have this same type of setup. These two pulling at the edge of the cranium just like an animal. Incredible. What he said is what they say of the heart. 38:56 And one of the chambers of the heart ultimately again is perforated, that makes the animal a treif. The base cut on all the base cut on all the god. So what they both say when we speak about a perforation in the heart, is that is that the large chamber or the smaller chamber? I'm really about to say mighty by the car. I don't see what the question is. Me and we learned what he says. I should not give the base 39:21 has seen bonus. So again what they say remember again when it comes to the lungs we're speaking about the idea that it opens up ultimately again into the bronchi. Remember about that I should not give the simple god. Until until there's a perforation in the larger bronchial area. So how can I stop all the base cut on all the shaft simple cut on there's different. I 39:47 can come back to the bronchi in a little while. But again that's it's different because there it speaks about the idea of where it opens up into the bronchi. The base cut on all the cut on here and what they both say let's get back focused on the heart. Here it just says if there's a perforation the base cut on all into the chamber. What does it matter if the perforation ultimately again is in the 40:09 large chamber or in the small chamber? I can say that is indeed the halacha l'maaseh. If there's a perforation in the chamber of the heart whether it's by the large chamber of the smaller chamber doesn't make a difference any perforation in the chamber of the heart ultimately again will render the animal a treif. I'm going to say we're going to come back to the lungs a lot to do with lungs we'll come back to that. I'm going to say now here's an interesting case kind of a 40:35 life so I'm going to say so what about now literally kind of a life literally sounds like the tube of the heart. Now we're going to define what that is in just a moment. So I'm going to say so if there's a perforation in the tube of the heart what's the rub on the machine rub says any amount of perforation will make it a treif. 40:53 Small small says it's the rub has to be a majority of the tube of the heart. So you want to say one second top first line hey Neil kind of a life what is the tube of the heart what are we talking about? I'm a rubber by I'm a rub Caleb shall Gabby the finest talking about the fat that's on the sides of the animal. The finest all that fat on the 41:16 sides of the animal what are you referring to? Ever shall Gabby the finest rather it's talking about the fat that is on the walls or the sides of the lungs. So I'm going to say okay so what are we talking about over here? Go back to the image for just a moment. So I'm going to say so this is just to show we're talking about take a look on page six. So page six I'm going to show you 41:39 something very interesting over here. So if you notice again there's something called kind of a life which actually turns out to be the aorta. The aorta that's what I'm referring to over here. So if you notice where the aorta is so the the aorta itself is encased in fat and interestingly enough runs through the middle of the lungs ultimately again leading to the heart. 42:00 So the now says over here so that that's what I'm calling kind of a life that is the literally again the the the tube of the heart. So now I'm going to say aortal perforation at what point in time does it a treif? So, ultimately and rub any amount, Shmuel says the majority. 42:17 And again, this is this is the fat that's on the sides of the lungs. And we'll say, by the way, how do we how do we pasken? We pasken any amount. Any amount of aortic perforation ultimately makes the animal into a treif. Okay. So, we're saying something very interesting. I'm going to make my own nachman. Tslosa kana hava. 42:36 There are three tubes. There are three tubes. Kha paresh l'liba. One goes to the heart. D'kha paresh l'reya. One goes to the lungs. D'kha paresh l'kavda. And one goes to the liver. And again, I will say, Rashi points out that this is anatomically not true. Right? So, you might Ravi is being descriptive over here about different parts of the body, but it doesn't actually work this way. 42:57 So, let's see this a little bit. D'reya k'reya. The part that goes to the lungs is like the lungs, which means like the same way that lung will perforation is any amount, so too this tube that leads to the lungs is any amount. D'kavda k'kavda. The one that goes to the liver is like the liver. D'liba palig. But palig Sorry. D'liba paligi. The one that goes to the heart is subject to machlokes. 43:21 Mar bar Khia mastni apal. Mar bar Khia he he meant he quoted this the opposite. D'reya k'kavda. The one that goes to the heart is treated like the liver. D'kavda k'reya. The one that goes to the liver is treated like the lungs. D'liba paligi. The one that goes to the heart ultimately again is palig. 43:39 have k'mei d'Shmuel. Amarle iyakhi amra Baye lo yada b'treifas l'kulam. If that's what Baye said, he doesn't know what he's talking about by treifas. Therefore again, that last piece of the conversation is kind of discarded. So, we'll say, so bottom line, how do we We picked up a a number of pieces of information over here along this line. 43:55 Number one, any perforation of the heart, ball arch chamber, smaller chamber, will render the heart will render the animal a treif. Number two, aortic perforation, any amount of perforation will render the animal a treif as well. Incredible nishba schedule. Okay, so we'll say so now we're going to talk a little bit about the spinal cord. 44:15 So if the spinal cord, right, was cut, ultimately again the animal becomes a treif. Actually well, it's a machlokes in the Mishnah how much of the spinal cord has to be severed in order for the animal to be a treif. So we'll say so we'll say if if the spinal cord was cut in its majority, ultimately again it's a treif according to Rebbe. Okay. Rebbe Yaakov bar Rebbe Yaakov says a feel unique gave. Even if 44:41 it's not cut in its majority, even if it's perforated, halacha l'maaseh it is going to be a treif. Chula Rebbe Rebbe Yaakov. So Rebbe paskins like Rebbe Yaakov. Amrafuna, you know like Rebbe Yaakov. Amrafuna said the halacha is not like Rebbe Yaakov. So you know what I'm saying? So fundamental machlokes, how much of the spinal cord has to be cut in order for the animal to be to be a treif. Ultimately again, so 45:05 first opinion, first opinion, Rebbe has to be the majority, majority has to be split. Rebbe Yaakov, even a perforation. Even any perforation ultimately again will allow it to be a treif. Rebbe paskins like Rebbe Yaakov. Rebbe paskins like Rebbe Yaakov and Amrafuna said the halacha is not like Rebbe Yaakov. Okay. So we'll say let's analyze. The kama rubo. And by the way, how much is the rov? Right, according to 45:29 Rebbe, how much is the rov of the spinal cord? So we must say Rav Amar rov a rov. Rav says refers ultimately again to the to the flesh to I tend to the flesh surrounding the spinal cord. V'amri lei rov mocho. And others say interestingly enough no, it's the majority of the nerve tissue. So we'll say you could see I think I put a picture of this on here. 45:51 Inside of the spinal cord itself there's this nerve tissue which is almost like a white mucusy um I might not have put it on here. No, it's not on here. Okay, which is like a white you can use your imagination or not or not, right? There's like a white mucusy substance that is inside of the spinal cord itself. So, when we say that the majority has to be cut, what is that referring to? So, one opinion says it's 46:14 the majority ultimately again of the actual spinal cord itself. Others say, "No, it's the majority of the nerve tissue." So, the Amaro of Moho, the one who says it's the majority of the nerve tissue, Kosha came wrote a row of certainly agree that if the majority of the spinal cord itself was split up of course, that makes it a treif, but it's even if the majority of the nervous tissue the nerve tissue. The Amaro of Moho, 46:38 the Amaro of Moho, my, but according to the one who says that it's the majority ultimately again of the actual spinal cord itself, what would he say about the about the nerve tissue? So, Tashma the Amaro of Nibli Amaro of Moho. So, Nibli said in Amaro of Moho, "Rubo Amaro of Moho." The row that we spoke about with the spinal cord, ultimately again it is the row of the what we call the flesh, but I mean the spinal cord itself. Moach 47:02 zeh lo mayla v'lo moreid. The nerve tissue doesn't play into this at all. >> Right. Not not even part of the conversation. >> Rav Nosson bar Avin Yosef came in front of Rav Yitzchok. So, I Rav Yitzchok Rav Nosson bar Avin Yosef came in front of Rav. So, Rav Nosson bar Avin was sitting in front of Rav. Badak b'rov or row d'kavatik b'rov moach. When he was checking for treif by the spinal cord, 47:27 he was checking for both the majority of the spinal cord itself the flesh of the spinal cord and also for the nerve tissue. A relay in rov or row kayim moach zeh eno mayla v'eno moreid. And he said, "I don't understand. If the majority of the spinal cord itself is intact, then ultimately the nerve tissue doesn't make a difference one way or the other." Amaro of Rav Bar Rav Chana Amaro 47:48 of Rav Shimon Levi, "Nis mareich pasul." So, what is a interesting case over here? What happens ultimately again if if the if these if the if the nerve tissue liquefied? If a liquid fine ultimately again the animal is possible. This must may suppose so. 48:07 So again if it's softened, it's possible as well. A zoo I'm not have a zoo I'm so so. What's ultimately what's in a what what how exactly was liquefied and softened? What what are each of these stages? So the Gamora says I'm not have I'm not have when we say liquefied caution is spoke Kito. That literally means it spills. It spills like liquid out of a jug. You the mass missile caution you have a llama. So what say 48:31 exactly very interesting. So apparently when the nerve tissue when the nerve tissue is inside of the spinal cord, the nerve tissue is like a solid mass. Right? So it's very interesting. So how can you tell if how can you tell is it obviously if the nerve tissue liquefies, it pours out. If it's softened like this, normally if you were to take the spinal cord of an animal and hold it, it would stand up straight if the nerve 48:55 tissue is solid. If the nerve tissue softens, essentially the spinal cord would collapse. That's what happens. That's how you're able to tell ultimately if the nerve tissue softened or not. Okay, interesting. So by Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Meir says as follows. In real llama make a veto ma my. What happens if Halacha L'Maaseh The Gamora says what happens if the spinal cord is unable to stand up straight because of its own heaviness. 49:19 Rashi says the make a veto shoe of the covet of a lonely shark ate me the food. So what say see what just happened Gamora say like this. If if ultimately again you take out the spinal cord and if the obviously if the nerve tissue liquefied, it's going to be possible. If the nerve tissue softened, it's also going to be possible. Now how do you know if the nerve tissue softened? If when you're holding the the the the spinal cord and it kind of like droops 49:43 over, that indicates that the nerve tissue softened and it's possible. What happens if the spinal cord doesn't stand erect because it's too heavy? Just it can't support its own weight when outside of the animal. Is that possible or not? To which the Gamara says, "Take him." Well, at least as a kasha. Okay. 49:59 So, Bay Rav Amram Bay Rav they said as follows, "Nismames pasul. Nismames kasher." If this Nismames means this Nismames means softened. If the nerve tissue softened, ultimately again an animal could still be kasher. So, I'm sorry. If the nerve tissue softened it's pasul. 50:19 Nismames kasher. They again will say Nismames is kasher. Rashi will say Nismames Nistroken Me'amoch Mitzosom Me'eilov. If ultimately again some of some of it's pulled out or and so on. So, may say the Gamara says, "Rish Lakish Omeir Beheima She'Nismames Mochah Treifah." Ultimately again if you have an animal if you have an animal where some of that literally again Nismames Mochah means 50:42 some of the brain matter became softened it's a treifah. So, the Gamara says, "Ahi Nismames Itmar." That's the case ultimately again I'm just Nismames. In any case that's also what the Gamara is saying over here. So, what is interesting over here? "Fa'Ha Levi Hava Yasiv Be Mechitzas Rav Huna." Listen to this case. Levi was one time in the bathhouse. "Chazi Lehu Gavra De'Tarei Le'Reishei." Ultimately again I'll also say so what happened? "He Halach 51:06 Le'Meitzav Serugim Halach." He went ahead and he slammed his head into a wall. Okay? So, again I don't know if he slipped some something happened over here. So, what does he look at Rashi? Rashi says over here Actually not yet. Sorry. So, Amar Amar "Nismames Mochin Didan." So, the Gamara said uh I'm sorry. "So, Chazi Lehu Gavra De'Tarei Le'Reishei." So, he So, Levi is sitting in the bathhouse and he sees the 51:29 guy slam his head into a wall. So, let So, Levi said, "Nismames Mochin Didan." So, this guy clearly again his brain matter has clearly become softened. He suffered a traumatic brain injury. So, the Gamara said, "Lav De'Lo Chayei." Wasn't Levi saying that this guy's going to die? So, you see from here that a softening of the brain matter itself ultimately again makes the makes makes a person a treifa makes an 51:53 animal a treifa. To which he says, "No, no, no. I'm going to buy you low." No, no, no. Levy wasn't saying that the guy is a treifa. What Levy was saying was this guy will not be able to have children. So, we'll say but we know this that right that obviously traumatic brain injury could ultimately create significant fertility issues. So, when Levy saw that this guy had had a brain injury he said it's fascinating. He said 52:16 not not that he's going to die, but that a lot of them actually again he's going to have fertility issues because that type of brain injury ultimately and will cause a problem. So, we'll say we can go later. I'll take a lot of shudra. I should also know that we're going to stop over here for today. We'll pick up because now again we'll say so just to point out over here now we're going to discuss we discussed the idea that the area that that demarcates between the 52:39 brain and the spinal cord are the prulin. Right? Those two white things at the edge of the cranium that's the upper edge ultimately of the spinal cord. The next discussion is going down how far does the spinal cord extend down? And where that goes on to so tremendous tremendous guy everyone. What a start to the week. 53:09 All right everyone have a great day everyone.
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