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0:04 like the rest of us. >> All right. Good morning. Let's begin. A beautiful daff ahead of us today. Today's 65. We are picking up at the two dots on Alif approximately two not approximately two four six lines down from the top. 0:34 I want to thank uh rebuter for giving the shir while I was gone to be back learning with all of you. So let's begin. Remember again the Mishna spoke about the sim for an oath the sim for a bird. So we're going to get into that a little bit more today. The Mishna spoke about this idea about clause everything the principle kind of mentioned by the 0:56 Mishna as the word Torah doesn't really as much give down the sim of a kosher bird as much as it does give down the behaviors of a kosher bird or perhaps more appropriately stated tells us the behaviors of a non-cooser bird right so if a bird is a bird of prey ultimately again that is a non-cooser bird the mishna then gave us some of the simonyim of a bird of prey which is again when it 1:20 perches. Two claws are in front, two claws are in back and that seems to be the sim for how it seizes the prey afterwards. So the gimar says as follows. So says if the bird claws, if the bird claws and eats, we'll discuss what this means in just a moment. But if the bird claws and eats, that is a sign ultimately again that it is an off. It's 1:47 not a kosher bird. If it has an extra literally finger but it means like toe right then ultimat can be peeled ultimately again this is the of a bird this is actually very interesting says there is a very simple test for a kosher bird what's the what's the what's the test you take 2:18 literally means is a strong a string excuse me means ultimately a string that the bird could kind of perch itself on. So what are you looking for? If the bird splits its toes two on one side of the string and two on another side of the string. So therefore again ultimately again that bird is tame that 2:43 is a sign ultimately that is a sign that it's a bird of prey. So say so the idea over here is the two the two claws on one side two claws on the other seem to indicate that this bird does a lot of grabbing of stuff which is indicative of a bird of prey. However, but if it when it purchased it has three toes on one side, one toe on the other side then 3:08 says such a bird is says Tommy says actually another interesting qualification. Any bird collate literally means collects or absorbs. But we'll really see what it really means is grabs. Any bird that grabs something else in the air is going to be Tommy. 3:33 Rashi says over here, if you look, it's the first short line in Rashi says, "When you throw the bird food, it grabs it into its mouth. It grabs it from the air." Now, we're going to see what this means in just a moment. So, says, "Really? Is that true? 3:53 But what about say that which is the name of the bird which Rashi points out over here is everyone knows that the seafir is a kasha bird. Everyone knows that's a kasha bird. So what happens bird also grabs stuff midair. Yet so we know what we know that is considered to be a bird. So what's going on over here? 4:25 Listen to this. This is actually quite amazing. Says what it means is as follows. Say it grabs stuff midair and eats it midair without first putting the prey down. Look at for just a moment. I'm sorry. 4:48 because ultimately again it doesn't put it down on the ground before it goes ahead and consumes it. Said this actually quite amazing what we're seeing over here. By the way, these qualifications are accepted. So it's really actually quite fascinating which is that not all birds of prey apparently are tame. So apparently it's only certain types of birds of prey. What type of bird of prey? So we'll say ultimately again the 5:12 type of bird of prey. See it it appears let's let's just a moment what type of bird of prey the type of bird that grabs its prey midair and eats the prey midair not however it appears that a type of bird which grabs it prey midair puts it down then consumes it right ultimately could be not all servants but could 5:35 still be a kusher bird so say so there's something amazing what what's happening over here you see remember again brings down that so much of the laws of kashus are predicated on the principle of you are what you eat. We recognize that every single animal has a tea and whatever you ingest you don't just ingest the physicality of that entity 6:00 but you ingest some of its tea as well. That's why in general in general we try to stay away from animals which which generally exhibit an overly aggressive animalistic behavior. So what's amazing over here is apparently in the bird kingdom it's the same as well. That animal that bird which is a bird of prey which consumes its prey midair. That's aggressive. 6:24 That's aggressive apparently. Again that's the type of prey we're ultimat that's the type of bird we're not going to eat. the fact that one animal eats another animal say shalom. We all see animals, right? Shalom. But apparently there's a way to do that. This notion of grabbing it midair, not putting it down, eating it midair, that type of aggressiveness does not want us ingesting. 6:49 Others say any animal say this is actually very interesting. This is a little bit different. The are coming along and they're saying as follows. Let's say you don't know the status of a particular animal. Cloud is that animals live with their own kind. So therefore if you see a bird which lives with other ts than what? 7:11 If you see a bird which lives with birds then chances are. So apparently again like type of animals seem to live with each other. Shab, by the way, there's an incredible incredible with this as well, right? If you live with you become you live with, right? 7:37 Often we think that as long as we're doing the right thing, we remain unimpacted or or uninfluenced by our surroundings. Simply not true. What goes on around us and who we surround ourselves with have a dramatic impact on the people we become and the lives we lead. 8:01 Incredible. Does this reflect? It's not for no reason that their dwells. The is a type of bird that it dwells with the or with the raven know ultimately again but rather why does the zarir dwell with the say just as the or is a animal so too again the zarir is a t animal as well and 8:31 therefore one animal dwells with the other truth is both this could even be reflective of the view of the how so we'll say could very well be that remember Again, the Raan are the ones who said or even according to the Raan, the Raban could say it just means the bird has to possess two qualities. In order, if we don't know the status of a bird, in order to assume that it's 8:55 tummy, we would say if it dwells with tummy birds and resembles tummy birds, then what? It's a tummy bird. If it looks like a tummy bird, lives with bird tummy birds, then it is a tummy bird. So say so bottom line what comes down what what what exception of this as well is first of all this this identifying mark that if the bird when it perches places two 9:18 claws in front two claws in back that is generally indicative of a bird of prey but we see a very interesting qualification over here which is there are certain birds of prey however which are kasher which are kasher now again the gar is not giving me an exhaustive list over here we'll get into that later on. But for our purposes right now, one of the major distinctions are birds of prey which consume their prey midair 9:43 will be tame. Birds of prey or certain birds of prey which will grab their prey midair but will put it down before consuming it can potentially be kosher. Good say onto grasshoppers. So remember again the Mishna gave four different criteria in order for grasshoppers ultimately again to be kosher four leg well we we're going to see them 10:06 inside the as follows. So let me just um good actually you know we'll see it inside. So we'll see. Here we go. My rubas. Remember again, one of the qualifications was that the wings of the grasshopper must cover the entire body of the grasshopper. That was one of the qualifications, excuse me, must cover the majority of the body. So the gimar 10:33 says, what exactly does that mean? The majority of the body, it means the majority of the length of the grasshopper. So the wings must cover the majority of the length of the grasshopper. Ro others say it's the majority of the circumference right of the of the of the grasshopper that papa says this is actually very 10:58 interesting because it says the gimar does hear something very interesting which doesn't usually happen you know when you have usually it's the gimar's job to what to figure out who's right and who's wrong here the gimar says because it's alo locust. Therefore, we accept both. In order for the grasshopper to be kasher, so the wings have to cover the majority of the length and the circumference of the body. Very interesting. So, now 11:27 we come to a couple of very interesting cases. We'll say what happens if a grasshopper now this is switching gears. So, first criteria was the wings. Second criteria say was what we call the carts or the jumping legs, right? The grasshopper has to have a minimum of four legs and it has to have two jumping legs. What happens if the grasshopper does not have jumping legs now, but it will develop it 11:53 at a later time? We're going to ask this question a variety of different species which which gets into some very interesting cases. It doesn't have the jumping legs now, but it's going to get its jumping legs later on. So we'll say for example the which is a type of a type of says it's a type of grasshopper. So we'll say 12:19 so what's the status of this you hear what the shil is in order for the grasshopper to be hash it has to have jumping legs. What happens if the nature of the species is right now it doesn't have jumping legs but what but what but what I know it's going to develop it later on. So what's the what's the status of that grasshopper motor? 12:39 It's okay quotes the over here that says that it doesn't have now the way the reads is this is what you are permitted to eat from any of the which includes grasshoppers right that has that has walks on four legs here's what's interesting This is an interesting example of what 13:13 we call aiv means the word is written one way but it's but it's spoken it's articulated and understood in a different way. So if you notice again the low in the PK is spelled alf what it really what the way it's understood it now lit low means no the way it's really understood is low which means to it 13:37 means that ultimately again the grasshopper will only be if it has jumping legs but yet it's read it does not have how do we reconcile this watch this what does this come to teach It comes to teach that what come teach me that even if it doesn't have even if it does not have the jumping 14:04 legs now but will develop them at a later time ultimately again the grasshopper will be kasha what's what's an example of that my zah apparently the zak grasshopper say when it's young doesn't have jumping legs when it gets older it will develop it say Now the kdish over here is when can you eat the zah? When can you eat it? now, right? 14:26 You don't have to wait till it develops the jumping legs because I know it will ultimately again it's kasher now says says same idea right this this other this other grasshopper called the same idea it doesn't have the kartum say the kartulum are the jumping legs doesn't have jumping legs now we'll develop it later on ultimately that is kash We see something amazing by the way which is 14:57 what that potential for something creates creates kashus as well. If it works for grasshoppers, can you imagine what it does for us, right? Then I know the grasshopper is going to develop jumping legs that makes it so the good news is never just sees us for who we are now. He sees us for what we can become. Each of us has those jumping 15:21 legs inside of us as well. Right? We have that incredible potential. And gives us credit for the potential we have even if it has not yet been actualized. Just like the just like the incredible says, interestingly enough, then the Torah goes on to articulate the various types of grasshoppers. 15:53 So we'll say so all all these different types of grasshoppers and each of them and each of them adding in a word or so watch this. So this says now what's interesting is as follows goes out of its way to articulate different types of species of locusts and also adds in the word lem or lemu according and their species. So watch 16:20 this. So the iss So we're just going to go now through various different types of locusts and what's included in their um what's the right word in their in their in their locust families. Say what's so we say these are all just different types of locusts. 16:39 What's okay all different types of grasshoppers. Let me let me know. So says ultimately why does the POS need to say after every type of grasshopper that's mentioned the Torah and the word mino mu mu three mus one know what does this come to teach me altogether I have four 17:11 words say to include other types of grasshoppers say that was this type of rashi says it doesn't have a bald head we're going to discuss this in just a little So apparently again it's the type of grasshopper that lives in the vineyards. 17:31 So say apparently again there's another type of grasshopper the at least that's to be called. Right? You see this grasshopper has a that I don't have. Right? This grasshopper is called these are all different types of grasshoppers. 17:55 So say comes on and says no no no this and as well as each of say here's what we have in this p you have the mention of four different types of grasshoppers salom and those are four what we call prin right those are four ultimately again pratas those are four specific mentions and then after each of those you have the words mino 18:23 Mu mu mu. So we just wanted to say so the first approach was well each of those each of those explicitly articulated types of grasshoppers refer to their specific types. The mino come to include something else says no no no there's something much more profound that is unfolding overay. There is a profound set of prolos and pratus. 18:48 There are major clim ultimately major inclusive principles and major exclusionary principles that are being espoused as part of this pic. Here we go. This is really amazing. So we're going to see some overlap between the two dras ar. So I say what does arb come to refer to zi. So that refers to our Bible say actually is like um what do they call it like um um 19:13 like yeah like a heading like like a a right a classification right it's a classification right excellent excellent ari right good a a classification right under that classification of then you have multiple subfamilies underneath that. So watch this. 19:38 So say the family includes apparently gov is also like another larger category. What does the know that follows it come to include say that comes to include say now what's interesting about this over here. Now the common denominator amongst all of these rashes. 20:05 So this is another type of grasshopper. They don't have a bald head. Now we'll say now what that means is these types of grasshoppers have hair. Now what what we're going to see by the way is different types of grasshoppers. Some have a smooth head. Others have like these prickly things that come out that that the Gimar calls hair. Now the common denominator amongst these this 20:30 first category is these do not have a bald head i.e they have hair. So the say so says the as follows say now from this classification what I know is as follows. I know that if the grasshopper comes with the four qualities mentioned in the Mishna right and it doesn't have a bald head meaning 21:06 it has hair on its head. So I know that this type of grasshopper is kasher if it has the four qualities mentioned in the Mishna and it has hair on its head. There's a whole reason why the is phrasing this as it doesn't have a bald head but it's not important for us right now and it does have a bald head. I know that that type of grasshopper it's say how do I know that if a grasshopper possesses the four qualities mentioned 21:32 in the Mishna but it does have a bald head how do I know that such a grasshopper will also be kasher salam therefore say the comes along and mentions mentions the salam what's the salom here we go salomipo sayers another type grasshopper called the nele. 21:55 So we'll say what does the word mu which follows salam what does that come to include that comes to include so we'll say what's the common denominator with all of these the common denominator ultimately is so again ultimately again I only know about something that comes a type of grasshopper that comes with all four qualities mentioned in the Mishna the 22:24 bakas and does not have a bald head. I'm sorry. We'll say by the way I I I reversed it. The first category I will say was no no I'm sorry. No, I'm reading correctly. So say only has it does not have a bald head. So say what happens if a grasshopper comes and it does have a bald head or say the word means it comes it comes together with the four qualities 22:50 mentioned in the mish. Remember again no grasshopper discussion gets off the ground without the four qualities of grasshoppers mentioned in the Mishna. So those four qualities are taken for granted. That's understood. What about what if a grasshopper comes with the four qualities but what it doesn't have a tail or it does come it has all four qualities 23:13 and it does have a tail. So say how do I know that this type of grasshopper will be kosher? Therefore the comes along and says so you see by the way in this lim over here of is that yeah in this in this you begin to see that they're understanding this p is a 23:38 much more complex pyramid one layer building on the next of kluat. So What's say this refers to another type of grasshopper called the words come to include the it comes to include the so I will say still 24:07 I only know about a grasshopper that comes with all four qualities and it doesn't have a bald headlab But if a grasshopper comes along with the four qualities and it has a bold head or or it comes with the four qualities but it doesn't have a tail or it come with the four qualities and it does have a tail 24:30 say now watch this introducing another quality or it comes along and what means its head is not elongated. So again we're going to discuss in the world of grasshoppers there's also different types of heads with the grasshopper. Some grasshoppers have a longer head some have a shorter head ver if a grasshopper comes and its head 24:52 is longer. So we'll say so essentially we're asking over here is as follows from the Mishna I know about the four qualities basic qualities necessary to make a grasshopper kasher. The shila then comes up. What happens with the other qualities of grasshoppers? How do I know that these qualities will also still allow a grasshopper to be kasher? 25:13 So says we can make a from the three categories of grasshoppers mentioned up until this point in time. So the gimmar says as follows. The gimmar says as follows. Um good. Let's so let's make up look at Rashi for just a moment actually not yet says what do we say so we'll say on one hand the is not like 25:49 the and the is not like the as we already said and both say both the and the are both not like the salom And the sal is also not like say so what is the common between them say so the is the denominator is 26:18 each have four feet four wings and jumping legs rub And ultimately its wings cover the majority of its battery. Remember again we defined what does majority mean? 26:37 Majority means majority of length and circumference. Remember again these are the four qualities. So we'll say the saying over here the each of the three types of grasshoppers are are really don't resemble each other. What's the common denominator they have? Pretty much what the what the Mishna mentioned each of them have four legs. Each of them have four wings. Each of them have jumping legs. And they each have wings 27:01 which cover the majority of the body. Say what says is a common denominator. Once you create that common denominator that allows you to apply that common denominator to other circumstances as well which I will now say therefore I will say any locust right any grasshopper that has four feet 27:28 wings jumping legs of rubo and its wings cover the majority of the body. So too will also be a kasher locust. Okay. So we'll say so look at for just a moment. It's the last of the short lines in Rashi say now I saw it's actually very exciting what remember again we just got 27:56 a crash course on grasshopper anatomy. It was quite riveting which is about say so we've got bald heads, hairy heads, we've got long heads, short heads, all different kinds of things over here. What Gimar seems to be saying now is that those other qualities actually do not matter. What matters is what the four criteria. As long as you have four 28:20 legs, four wings, jumping legs, and your wings cover the majority of the body, you are good to go. hair on your head, bald head, long head, short head doesn't make any difference. You don't pay attention. Rashi says, "So therefore, even if the head of the grasshopper was long." 28:53 So remember again this says this is the common denominator. denominator. All of the other criteria simply become unimportant which was one of the called subset categories say one second if that's true which itself has four legs four wings jumping legs 29:25 its wings cover the majority of its You might have thought that ultimately again this becomes therefore say the says which teaches me that what's so interestingly enough it has to have the general classification as a look at for just a moment See, here's the problem with the bin av. 29:59 If you're correct that you establish this common denominator that as long as the grasshopper has these four qualities, the grasshopper is kasher, then we have a problem which is why do I need these additional categories? Why do I need right? If I'm learning out all of this stuff from the previous categories, then this additional category of really becomes unnecessary to which the says 30:26 so we'll say here's what's interesting according to this approachable say here's what I have from I learn out all of the qualities necessary to be a kosher locust right so I know that Again, four legs, jumping legs, four wings. Wings cover the majority of the body. That's what makes a kasha locust. What I learned from the word 30:50 apparently according to this approach in the gimar is like a generic phrase for locusts. All locusts are called or I should say all kasher locusts are known in a general sense as a kagov. So that last in the p is actually not coming to contribute to the qualities of kosher locust but rather it's coming along to teach me the general classification of a 31:13 kasha locus. Kasha locus is known as kagov. So she says well now we have an interesting issue which is as follows. So the takes a step back. The gimar says the gimar says that which apparently is a type of locust has all four qualities of kasha locust yet we know that it's not kosher. So I don't understand how is that so once you've established the bin a you tell me the ban says any any 31:37 locust that conforms to these four qualities is kosher that conforms to the four qualities yet it's not kosher. So what's going on over here to which the says in order to be say ultimately again in order for locus to beer it has to be known at least in a generic sense as what as a at least in a 31:59 generic sense as a it doesn't possess all again because it's classified as Therefore the no it's not enough say what's interesting it has to be known as but it's not enough to be known as essentially it has to have the classification but what but also has to have all four of the semis why don't you say 32:38 well At the end of the day, maybe all of the all of the um all of the locust mentioned in both the common denominator is in Russian. They do not have a long head. So maybe again that's ultimately another qualification for a locust that it doesn't have a long head. 33:04 So I say maybe we'll say no once once the once the locus maybe we'll go back to what we said before once the locus of say what once the locus has the on him maybe we don't really care that much about ultimately again the other qualific not other qualifications but the other attributes or characteristics of the locust if that's the case 33:31 if that's the case that all I need are four characteristics and nothing else. Then why even the need to mention at all? Let me just say now what we're saying over here is if it's really true that the is the be all end all for establishing the locus then I don't even need all of the elements to be mentioned in the 33:54 don't mention in the right ultimately again just learn from both say the you can raise is what say you can ask that the other ones ultimately again do not have a tail. You could ask the same question. These other locusts do not have a long head. 34:21 So say what do we do? So say comeong comes along and he advances a different he says in reality this mentioned in the is extra we actually do not need the salom. So therefore we'll say why say watch this why is a salam extra 34:45 because I have a simple don't write and say I can learn out everything you ever wanted to know about can be learned out from where from so what was the you brought up so so So your concern was about that it doesn't have a bald head ultimately again does have a bald head 35:22 has a tail yet again. So say so essentially what we're saying is in this classification what's in in this in this list that the Torah gives us each of these types of locus possesses some different trait than the other and between them all and between them all you essentially catch everything if you're catching everything 35:45 between them then ultimately again this sal is extra so between and see what's getting there's two things happening over Here from this list, from this list, we get the four qualifications for a kasher locust, right? The four legs, the two jumping legs, the four wings, and ultimately wings covering the majority of the body. In addition to 36:09 that, each of these types of locust also just has different physical traits. So from that, we're also learning all the different physical traits that are still that can be present and yet the locust still remain kasher. All of this is being done together. So we'll say here's the problem. I have everything I need and yet I don't really need salom. So why is salam there? 36:33 So ultimately this if I need if everything I need to learn about locus I'm already learning out from and then why do I need to remember again we're not asking about why aren't we asking about why are we asking about because what did we do with just a few moments ago? We said by is a catchual phrase in order for a locust to be kosher has to be known by the name of so that last 36:57 that is not really coming to teach me additional characteristics about the locust but it's coming to say kosher locust or referred to as so now I know what it's used for between and I get all the different traits ultimately of ker or all the all the different not traits but all the different physical qualifications or physical attributes of kasher locus. So 37:21 I come down therefore to one seemingly extra word which is the one that is mentioned as salam. So what does salam come to teach me? So says if I don't need it ultimately again to teach me anything about the body of the locust ultimately use it to teach it is not just a locust with a short head that is kasher but ultimately again the locust 37:51 with a long head that is kasher as well. am so based on where we're holding right now what we have over here is as follows and come to teach me the concerning all the different attributes of the locust that can be kasher and I will say th those two together really teach me the four dominant attributes which again as we mentioned already a number of 38:14 times four legs two jumping legs four wings wings cover the majority of the body it's also taught me it's also taught me tail bald head hairy head. It's all fine. Comes to teach me. Oh, let's go in order. 38:31 Whether it has a long head or a short head, ultimately it's going to become kasher. And comes to teach me that in order for it to be kasher, it must be known by the name. Khagav doesn't come to teach you something about any of the characteristics or physical characteristics of the locust, but rather in order to be called a kosher locust, it must have the name
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