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0:15 All right, let's all say good morning. Good morning. Let us begin begin by thanking all of our sponsors for this morning share to thank our sponsors for the month of Thomas Yona and Abby Rome for dedicating all the Sherman Joshua's this month before Eliezer Ben Eliyahu Daniel and Machava Pavo a very special for dedicating the Sherman Joshua's this month for the third yard site yard site 0:37 of Reb Ben Ben Yehuda Aryeh Zichrono Livracha. They have learning sponsors Sherry and Abby Applebaum in honor of their new grandson Nachum Ben Yaakov Hillel born to Jacob and Amber and Amber Applebaum. 0:54 Mazel tov. Mazel tov. Our daf yomi sponsors for today Yancey and Steinberg in the name of the health of Ben for a complete and full shleima and the Abrams in the name of the health of for Shlomo's father Chaim Mordechai Ben Chava and Alan Weisman in memory of Alan's mother-in-law Mildred Newman Malkah Bas Yitzchak Asher Zichrono Livracha. We hope they have the merit of our entire all of the neshamos 1:18 of all of you the families in the coma all those who need a refuah shleima together with all of Israel may God continue to look after our brothers and sisters in Eretz Israel and allow our holy soldiers to be successful Chaim Ben Asher Dayan Blessed with that, let us begin. Today's daf is nun daled 54. We are picking up on nun gimmel amud bet 53b at Boy Ilfa which is which is 2 4 6 1:43 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 about 21 22 lines up from the bottom. Boy Ilfa Ilfa is asking a shaila Siman daled will be common So this is actually an interesting question halacha l'maaseh the simanim were dislodged? What happens? In other words, what's what's the impact of that of the animal being a treif? Amora Zeira So, Ilfa's question was already pondered 2:12 by Rabba bar bar Hana. Ultimately, again, if the simanim were dislodged, Rashi says over here So, again, the halacha is if they were dislodged in the majority of their positioning, ultimately again, that renders the animal a treif. Incredible. 2:38 Next, by Rabbe Ami. So, this is an interesting case. What happens again if the animal the animal parts of the animal begin to decay. Rashi says over here Sorry. 3:03 So, again, this is still in the in the in the context [clears throat] of of drusa, of an animal clawed by another animal. So, let's say in the area where it was clawed, the flesh begins to decay. Begins to decay and over time the flesh when we say decay, it also just begins to disappear. So, what's the halacha? Amora Zeira that which Rabbe Ami asked >> [clears throat] >> Ultimately again, Rabbe Yehuda already 3:30 Rabbe Yehuda already discussed. The Amora Rabbe Yehuda Amora Rab So, ultimately again, the Gemara says if you remember the drusa, if the animal was clawed So, what are we looking for? We're looking for again if the flesh around the area, specifically again in the in the cavity opposite of the clawing, did the flesh of the the part of the animal in the interior in the cavity become red. If it became 3:57 reddened, again the Gamara understands that to be indicative of the poison again with quote unquote what the Gamara calls the poison taking root inside of the animal. This mas masol this mas sorry this mas masam the Gamara says masol kilayim this is interesting. If the flesh begins to decay, we view the flesh as if it's not there. In other words, we view decayed flesh as if it's 4:20 absent. Take a look at Rashi. Rashi says the Gamara says the meat of the animal is masol kilayim. The Gamara says this is very interesting. We view decayed flesh as if it's not there. So therefore so therefore what does this mean? Therefore again when we go through the list of treifas of animals we've already seen that there are certain things that make an animal a treifa because there's just a little bit 4:45 missing or a lot missing. So again decayed flesh is considered to be as if it's not present. So depending on where that decayed flesh is that ultimately again will determine whether or not the animal is a treifa. Okay. So Rashi says by the way hey hey dummy this mas masam. What what when we say decay, what's the what does it mean decayed? 5:08 Rashi says decayed enough that if the doctor would see this level of decayed flesh, they would begin to scrape it away until they got to a level of or to a layer of healthy flesh. Rashi Rashi said ki avinon beirav Kahana when I went to the yeshiva to the house of Rav Kahana I saw kamana hireya. They brought before us a lung. Like the lung they shacted an 5:32 animal and after they shacted an animal we inspect the lungs. So they brought before us a lung. The Gamara says the lung was shacted. When the lung was like laying down like it was just like on the table, it looked perfectly fine. The Gamara says the lung was shacted. 5:48 The Gamara says the lung was shacted. But when you would lift it up, pieces of the lung would fall off. The mirror says, "With the rift now." With the rift now I mean that who never did that to you sure. And ultimately again, we went ahead and we made a trade based on the ruling of a woman who did that to you sure. So remember again, because we will say what was happening? The fact when you held it up, pieces fell off. What did that indicate? That it was decaying. 6:11 Now again, based on what we were saying before, we viewed decay as what? We viewed decay flesh as absent. What's the hollow when it comes to a lung? What makes a lung a treifa? Right? Any perforation. So therefore, by definition, if you have pieces of a lung that are falling off, decayed pieces of a lung, that's considered perforated at least, and therefore the animal is a treifa. Incredible. So my goes right there. 6:31 What was that? The NAF I'm going to NAF him and says, "Because what happens if the animal has a thorn embedded inside of it?" I had to tell you not give the hollow. Ultimately again, if the thorn literally goes ahead and pierces the animal into the interior cavity of the animal's body, can I hollow the mice that makes it a treifa? The drusa, if the animal is drusa if it was clawed, machine the bus connected to the name of the eye. This is what we saw before. 6:55 When it comes to drusa, what we're looking for is the area was clawed. If the flesh on the interior of the animal's cavity, the body cavity on the inside is reddened, that's indicative that the animal is a treifa. Rebs Zvid Masni Aki or Zvid had a different version of this. The drusa, machine the bus connected to the name of the eye. 7:14 When it comes to a drusa, what we look for is a reddening of the flesh. Again, the name of the eye means usually like stomach intestinal area. Is there essentially inflammation? Is there inflammation on the interior of the animal? That would indicate that the animal again is a treifa. The simanim, I had to yell at you simanim atzman. Now again, what we saw before in yesterday's in yesterday's daf, that what happens if 7:36 the animal was clawed by its simanim? So it clawed by simanim until the simanim themselves become red. So, again, that reddening, that inflammation, is indicative of what the Gemara feels is the poison that's coming up. We call it bacteria, but the poison that's coming off of the animal's claws, which would make the victim animal into a treifa. 7:55 So, the Gemara is saying, "Amora Papa." We'll say last line, nun gimel amud bet, last line, 53b. Amora Papa, by Rabbi Bibi bar Abaye. So, Rabbi Abaye asked the following shaila, top of nun dalet. "Veshet nikuv asur bemashu." Just as asur bemashu. So, when it comes to an interesting case, let's go back for a little bit. We haven't actually done this for a little bit of while for a little while. Remember again, animal has two simanim, a kana, a trachea, and a 8:19 veshet, an esophagus. So, remember fundamental distinction between the two, trachea, right, the kana, it only becomes a treifa when when 51% majority of the kana has to be cut, has to be perforated. The veshet, on the other hand, the esophagus, remember again, what amount? Any amount, a mashu. Any amount of esophageal perforation by definition makes the animal a treifa. 8:42 So, now the Gemara says something very interesting. So, Rabbi Papa says, well, I should say Rabbi Bibi bar Abaye was asking the following. He said, "Veshet nikuv asur bemashu, just just asur bemashu." So, when it comes to the esophagus, the same way that any level of perforation makes the animal a treifa, therefore, of course, if the animal was clawed by its esophageal area, that is, 9:05 any amount of clawing is also going to make it into a treifa. Okay? Look at Rashi for just a moment. Actually, no, yeah, sorry. Kana, what what about when it comes to the trachea? Now, it comes to the kana, nikuv asur beke isur. Now, you know what? Let's remember again, this we saw a little bit differently. 9:22 There's a difference between by the trachea, if the trachea is cut versus if there's a piece of it that's missing. If it's cut if it's cut, then the halacha is the animal does not become a treifa until 51% of the trachea is cut. 9:38 However, if there's a piece of the trachea that's missing, if it's a piece the size of an issur coin, that was that was a coin. If it's a piece the size of an issur coin that's missing, that makes the animal a treifah. So now watch this. Sakana, when it comes to the when it comes to the Sorry, when it comes to the trachea, mikuvah issur. If there's a perforation, a per only a perforation the size of an issur coin will go ahead 10:01 and make it into a treifah. Drusas b'kama? What about if the animal is clawed on the trachea? How much, right? How much of a clawing has to occur over there in order to make the animal into a treifah. Buster d'bayah. So again, remember this is all of BB bar bar asking this question. Buster d'bayah, after he asked the question, Buster third line down from the top, 54A. Then 10:25 then down Buster d'bayah after he asked then Hader Pashta, he then answered it. And he said, "The b'masha." So this is very interesting. So both of the key afterwards he answered, both of the kana and the veshet, both the kana and the veshet ultimately again become a treifah with a masha who through drusas. So now Rebbe says it's very important. So if the if 10:49 an animal is clawed by its simanim, by its simanim, so by definition any amount of clawing in the simanim area will make the animal into a treifah. And that's true whether or not the clawing takes place you know by the trachea or by the esophagus. So a unique halacha when it comes to drusas, when it comes to clawing. Incredible. So Rebbe will say, "So the masha says why is 11:13 that? My time, huh? Zehira mikla kaliva azla." Because the poison. Again, Rebbe will say, "You understand, I'm not going to say it anymore after this. When I say poison, remember again we saw this on Sunday already, that really what hazal were calling poison was really the bacteria that gets caught in the decaying meat in the claws of the animal. The poison takes root and once the poison is is it expands out." So Rebbe will say, "This is a important halakha. So, really so just kind of if we bring this together, just just in 11:36 this particular area of the animal, what we have over here is as follows. When it comes to the ves when it comes to the esophagus, any amount of esophageal perforation makes the animal into a treifa. When it comes to the kind of comes to the tra- trachea, if the trachea is cut, 51% of a kaf majority of cut will make it into a treifa. If there's if there's a piece missing, a piece the size of an issar coin will make it into a treifa. However, when it comes to drusa, when it comes to the 12:00 fact let's say the victim animal was clawed by the by the aggressor animal, any amount of clawing in this simanim area will make the animal into a treifa. Okay, that's the halakha. Says the Gemara, "Yosef bar Yitzchak bar Shmuel bar Marta came in the name of Nachman." Good. So, Yitzchak bar Shmuel bar Marta sitting before him Nachman. He also have a company who's sitting and saying the 12:22 following, "Drusa shall amar tzu kavanei kinagei benei ayim." When we speak about a drusa, when we speak about a drusa, a drusa requires bedika opposite we'll call like in the abdominal cavity. What you're looking for I will say is again a reddening of the interior area, inflammation of the interior area. 12:46 So, Rav Paskin that in fact again it's not just the area by by the benei ayim. Benei ayim we mean like like the stomach intestinal area, but in fact if the animal was clawed, you have to actually inspect a larger area. What's the larger area? From the kapa up until the tama, ad tama. So, what I will say so again the atama is the thigh. So, kapa is very interesting. So, the Gemara says, "What 13:10 is kapa? My kapa? In leima, kapa di yada." If we say it means the shoulder, hinei kinagei benei ayim. So, what if you think about this, the area from what I call the shoulder of the animal, which is right which is the area right above the foreleg, right? So, if you're talking about from on shoulder up until the thigh, that's pretty much the abdominal cavity. Right there. So, that's I am. Ella rather must be talking 13:33 about me cup of the mocha at atama. Rather it must be talking about again really from the skull up until the thigh, which obviously is a much larger area of inspection. Okay. So, what area if you have an animal that is a Jerusalem that is clawed, you have to inspect the interior cavity. What's the size of that cavity? Is that from the shoulder to the thigh? From the skull to the thigh? That's a machlokes. 14:02 When Yosef when Yosef came to Eretz Israel, he found he found and Shimon they are sitting and they were talking about the following. When sweet can I give I am when an animal is clawed when an animal is clawed how long again this is very important as much as we say that when an animal is clawed it becomes a treif 14:26 with what that means is like this. If you were to do no further inspection, you'd have to assume the animal is a treif. Obviously, the idea over here is do the inspection. Open up after you open up the abdominal cavity, look for inflammation. If there's inflammation, it's a treif. But the good news is if what? If what? 14:42 If there's no inflammation, it's not a treif. So, the says but again you have to inspect the area by the abdominal cavity. How he said to them I look him more rather already passed him about this me cup of the mocha at atama that you have to inspect again will come from the cup. 15:00 What does cup mean? From the shoulder, from the skull up until the thigh. I'm going to Manu. Rather who said this? Rather sorry. I'm going to Manu rather who is this rather who who is this person? Who is this person? 15:17 I don't know. I don't know who he is who made these statements. I'm going to follow me here today the old city of Shimon. made us ready Rabal Rab Yohanan. And what is interestingly enough Rab Yohanan said Rab Yohanan said so again I will say just just so we get the story right to be right to be clear and sorry Rab Kia by Yosef went to Rab Yohanan and Resh Lakish. Right? He was 15:41 sitting in front of him and he said over this ruling. Then he then responded ultimately again quoted Rab. Responded back who is this Rab? Who is this Rab? Now the Gemara says Amresh Lakish Resh Lakish responded so Resh Lakish said who is this who is this person called Rab? 15:56 Resh Lakish didn't know who Rab was. Rab Yohanan said "For only here lay the also told me didn't realize she she made us ready Rabba for Rab Kia that this person Rab actually again was a Talmud or was Meshamesh which literally means served Rebbe and Rebbe Kia. While came call awesome Shana she she made also Talmud be a Shiva and he shamash by 16:21 Amida. All of those years that Rab was in Yeshiva and was was I should say that Rab was in was in Yeshiva so literally again all those years that he went ahead and he was in Yeshiva he was being Meshamesh his Rebbe in be Yeshiva sitting while I was in Yeshiva serving my Rebbe in standing. Now now what is 16:44 what is that mean? Sitting versus standing. Rashi says of Rebbe Yeshiva who are your Yeshiva by any only Shai Hasham in many. When Rab was in Yeshiva he would go ahead and he would be in Yeshiva sitting down. During sheer he was sitting down. I would be in Yeshiva he said standing up. Now what does that mean? The more only the more Hasham tell me then sat down during sheer. Sat down during 17:08 learning. Everyone else went ahead and stood. So obviously what they were saying was that Rab was obviously someone incredibly important because in Yeshiva he was sitting down. Oman Oman as he Mar says Oman Oman Gabar Gabar Bakula. 17:23 Oh, look at Rashi. Oman Gabar Oman Oman Gabar Bamahu Gadol. What what made Rav so great? Like what what area exactly was he proficient in? It was so incredible. Hugavar Bakula. He was proficient in everything. And then he would say, "If you look at Rashi, what does it mean everything?" This is really incredible. And first of all, you wonder to yourself, "How could someone be good, be proficient in everything?" Rashi says, "Bakula Betorah Ubechasidus." 17:48 Torah Ubechasidus. So what he was proficient in Torah and Chasidus. Now, what does Chasidus mean? Chasidus doesn't mean being a talmid of the Baal Shem Tov. That would be a bit of an anachronistic statement, but rather again I would say we've seen this before. What what what what does Chasidus mean in its essence? What does Chasidus mean in its essence? So remember again, like how did Remember, we always go back. How does the Ramchal, right, how does the Mesillas Yesharim 18:11 define Chasidus? Chasidus is defined by someone who goes lifnim mishuras hadin, exceeds expectations. The Ribono Shel Olam gives us a Torah. The Torah has 613 mitzvos. As we saw in Bilvavi, which we have that we we have to get back to him, Hashem. I know we have to. I just need I just need to get more than 4 hours of sleep just for three nights in a row. 18:33 And then and then and then we're back with Bilvavi. All right. So so if you saw Remember again, we saw the same idea that that what what Chasidus means [clears throat] So Hakadosh Baruch Hu gives us 613 mitzvos. And with 613 mitzvos, those mitzvos are mareh makomos. That's where Hashem says, "This is what I like. These are the things that I like. These are the things that I enjoy." What a chassid then does is a chassid says, "Oh, now that I know what 18:57 Hakadosh Baruch Hu likes, not only am I going to do the things that God asks of me, but I'm going to exceed expectations." That's what it means to be a chassid. A Yid, a Jew, is expected to live up to expectations. That's what say, that's the job. That's the job. The job is meet your expectations that God puts of us, that God creates of us. 19:19 That's the job. Do you get a score for meeting your expectations? Of course. Otherwise, you should always give someone a If you run a business and you have employees and your employees do their job, even if they're not staying late or putting in overtime, but they're doing their job, you should always give them a score. Always give positive reinforcement. Everybody appreciates positive reinforcement. Right? So, of course, you get a score for meeting expectations. But Godless greatness 19:42 comes when you exceed expectations. So, when the master says about Rav, what was his greatness? His greatness was in Torah and Hasidus. That not only did he meet expectations, but he exceeded expectations. Incredible. Incredible. So, Rav Ashi bar Rav bar Rav Hamar Right after hearing all this, Rav stood up and said, "Rav Hamar, Baro Baro Zochro also is let's hope. Which let's 20:07 remember Rav for good. bar Rav Hamar that they said over the following ruling in his name." Rashi says over here, "Rav Ashi bar Rav bar Rav Hamar, they hear really Zochro let's hope. Ultimately, again, now and now Rav said like, "Okay, so so Rav said, "Now I remember this guy named Rav. Now that you remind me what a great man he is." They said over the following ruling in his name. What was the ruling? Shmuta u 20:32 Shkuta Kshera. It's very interesting. It will say, "What happens if you shecht an animal, you open it up and you find that the Simanim were dislodged?" So, the Simanim were cut, they were shechted, but they're also dislodged from their natural placement. So, the Gemara says, "What's the Halacha?" The animal is kosher. 20:51 Why? It's actually very interesting. She Avshala Shmuta Shete also Shkuta. Because it is impossible for a dislodged animal, right? Animal with dislodged Simanim to be shechted normally. And here's what I'm saying. It What this means is as follows. What we see in this Rashi says outside of just a second. If the simanim were dislodged at the time of the shrita, then they would not be cut normally because they'd be out of 21:14 place. If you open up an animal and you see that the simanim are shachted in a normal fashion. Now it happens to be they're dislodged. Right? They're they're they're they're they're they're not in their normal placement, but you see them cut in a normal way. That indicates to us one that the dislodgement, right? Right? The dislodgement took place after the shrita. That's what it means. Cuz it is impossible. She e afshar lishmuta she te 21:38 asse shchuta. It is impossible for something that was dislodged to have been cut in the appropriate way. Rashi says over ksheira shem nishmeta trila I see that it's lamata v'shuv ein enishchat es. Because had they been dislodged, apparently again when the simanim are dislodged, what ends up happening is they drop down. Because they drop down, ultimately again you would not be cutting them in the right 22:02 place. Okay? Incredible. So the master The okra and re-okra says Yavoh V'yakif. So re-okra says it's very interesting. No, no, if you shacht an animal and you open up the animal and you find that the simanim are dislodged, here's what you do. Cut them again. Right? Make another cut in the simanim and do what? Compare the cuts. Remember we had this uh we had this comparison. When was this? Maybe end of last week, beginning of this week, a month ago, maybe last cycle. 22:25 Right? When whenever we had it. So yeah, so what do you do? You take the simanim, cut again. Cut again. Now compare the new cut to the old cut. Now remember the new cut was obviously made after the shrita. So halacha l'maiseh again, compare the new cut to the old cut. Do they look the same? Do they look different? And therefore that will allow you to understand what exactly occurred over here. Okay, incredible. Amram Nachman. Amram Nachman says lo shona el eshal es b'simanim. Aval tofes b'simanim 22:49 b'shachat afshar lishmuta she te asse shchuta. So Amram Nachman says now this is only assuming that you did not grab the shochet, did not grab hold of the simanim at the time of the shrita. That's when you have this safek. However, again, now we'll say you could do this, by the way, specifically with like smaller animals. You could do this like on a sheep. You could actually go ahead and grab the neck of the sheep and 23:12 pull the simanim forward. You could actually do that. I don't know if you could I think I don't think you could do it on like a larger animal like a cow, but on a sheep you definitely could do it. So, I'm not going to say this is only so this whole case is only if you didn't grab hold of the simanim before shchita. But if you grab hold of the simanim, then it is possible that even if they were dislodged, they still have cut them in a normal way. Now again, I'll say remember again, if the simanim are dislodged, 23:37 that could be a potential treifa situation. Therefore, knowing about this is actually incredibly important. Okay, incredible. Zach law. So, we'll say so remember again, the Mishnah was actually very exciting we're coming to an end of this Mishnah. What was the end of the Mishnah? The end of the Mishnah was Zach law, kolchin kamua chaya treifa. 23:53 Whatever condition the animal has, there is a type of condition that the animal would not survive as a result of this condition, that condition makes the animal a treifa. That's the law. Says the Gemara, lasuei mai? What does this come to include? Now I'll say now remember again, what's intriguing about this statement? In general, whenever you see in the Mishnah the phrase Zach law, what does Zach law come to do? What does it come to do? 24:17 What does it come to do? Comes to include something. Now remember again, I'll say where do we know the halachos of treifa from? Where do you know them from? They are halacha l'Moshe miSinai. So, it's always this what's interesting, right? And the Mishnah went through a pretty exhaustive list. So, it's interesting now that there's a Zach law at the end of this sugia when halacha l'maaseh, the treifos are halacha l'Moshe miSinai. So, what's going on 24:39 over here? To which the Gemara says, to which the Gemara says, Zach law lasuei mai? Lasuei shev maisos. Oh, it could be come to include I was remember again, we saw this in the beginning of the perek that there's another seven halachos of treifos not included in the Mishnah. It's coming to include those. 24:56 The major of those are Rishba, machul bigidei nashim. I'll get a lot of say fine. Now we must say to listen to this in the house of Yosef Yosef Rishba Rishba is a hunter. Rashi says sign it. In the house of Yosef the hunter Maho begedei nashim the cutley. 25:15 This is very interesting. So apparently look at Rashi for just a moment. Maho likhyusa begedei nashim be chitzim over magel. So apparently again Yosef the hunter when he was hunting prey he had a very interesting methodology for hunting the animals. He would make sure to either shoot them with an arrow or hit them with the stick in the sciatic nerve. As a result as a result the animal would die. Not not not 25:39 immediately but over time. So also going to be a misera if you say treifas. I'm sorry. So we are also Rishba Maho begedei nashim the cutley. Also going to be a misera. So they came from a misera and essentially they asked him so now is that a treifa? Is that a treifa? In other words Yosef the hunter used this as a strategy 26:02 to hunt animals. If you shoot them with an arrow or club them in the sciatic nerve. So apparently again at least the animal demise. Well okay. So does that mean that if an animal is injured in the sciatic nerve does that make the animal a treifa? Because after all what did we just say? What did we just say? Ze akwal. What's the kwel? Any condition from which the animal would die ultimately makes the animal a treifa. So if the animal is injured in the sciatic 26:26 nerve does that make the animal a treifa? Now you got to say. So be clear. That's not in our list. Right? That's not in our Mishnah. That's not in the seven additional rulings. So what is that law? So he also said treifas. So he says come on. You think we don't don't add on to the list of treifas. 26:43 What we got is what we got. Right? In other words Moshe Rabbeinu came down gave us 18. Maybe there's another seven but that's it. We're not adding on to the list of treifas. In the law of Moshe the only list we have is the list that the gave us and no more. Now, by R. 27:01 Papa bar Abba, it's interesting. R. Papa bar Abba the hunter, so you got to say this is interesting. R. Papa bar Abba the hunter is actually Yeah, okay, so fine. Good. Whatever. Something that the back has a whole piece on this I'll leave on the side. So, R. Papa bar Abba the hunter he would go ahead and injure the animal in 27:24 the kidney. In the kidney and that would cause the animal to die. Once again, also again we'll say these were hunting strategies. These were hunting strategies. So, now the shaila just is they're causing the demise of the animal by by hitting it or shooting it in the sciatic nerve or by injuring it in the kidneys. So, the obvious follow-up shaila is if an animal presents with this type of injury, is the animal a 27:47 treifa? Also again R. Papa bar Abba the who? So, they came up to R. Papa bar Abba and they asked him, if the animal is injured in the kidneys, again does that make the animal a treifa? R. Papa bar Abba the who? Why do you think you need to add onto the list of treifas? When it comes to what says the list of treifas, all we have for treifas are the list that the made and that's it. We don't add on any new 28:12 items to the list of treifas. I must have been one second. But how do you ignore the fact that it works? When you injure an animal that it works. When you injure an animal in the sciatic nerve, it dies. When you injure the animal in a certain way in his kidneys, it dies. So, how are you ignoring the fact How can you just say sorry? Sorry, sorry, you know, we had you had your 28:36 opportunity for submissions onto the list of treifas. Right now the list is closed. Submissions are no longer being accepted and that's the list. What are you talking about? We should we see these conditions from which the animal dies. So, how do you ignore that? To which the Gamara says, here's the difference. The bodily sama chayo, these are actually not totally fatal injuries. They can You can actually heal the animal. In other words, literally translated, the kabadi 28:59 they sama, if you administer again some type of balm or ointment or or medicine, you actually could heal these injuries. So, in that in that respect, I will say it is fundamentally different. So, alacha l'maaseh, again, the list of treifos themselves are conditions from which the animal cannot recover. These, apparently again, if left untreated, are fatal, but can be treated, and therefore alacha l'maaseh, they're not on the 29:23 treifa list. But I will say, but it is important to understand that the Gamara's real answer, the real answer of the Gamara is what? What's the real answer? What's the real answer? The real answer is, there's a list. There's a list. And that is alacha l'maaseh treifa say is a tremendous mussar haskel. 29:38 The reality of a Jew is not defined by what you see. The reality of a Jew is defined by Hakadosh Baruchu. The Ribono shel Olam tells us, Torah tells us what reality is and what reality is not. And this is incredibly important because if reality is defined by what you see, so first of all, anything I see is filtered through my own prism, right? My own ocular prism, 30:03 which is tainted by a whole variety or or or or skewed by a whole variety of different things. This is one of the most beautiful things of being attached to Torah, of being attached to Hakadosh Baruchu, is I'm attached to something eternal. And because I'm attached to something eternal, that gives me my perspective. So, what do I do with the fact that if an animal is injured in the gid hanasheh, it dies, and and it's not 30:27 in the treifa list. What do I do with that? Right? >> [clears throat] >> All right. I wasn't going in that direction, but okay, but yes, that that is a legitimate answer as well, right? So, I will say, the answer is, Hakadosh Baruchu said it. That's the And again, this is one of the most Let's be honest, it's one of the most difficult parts of Yiddishkeit and it's one of the most incredibly beautiful, holy, and liberating parts of Yiddishkeit. I will say that is why, as 30:50 Torah Jews, we don't have to get swept up in every single ism and every single movement because you see the way society ebbs and flows. If society decides this is correct, no, this is correct, no, this is moral, no, this is moral and it changes and it goes back and forth. And that's why again in general, one of the greatest problems we have is moral 31:15 equivalency, is a lack of moral clarity, is a lack of understanding of what's right and what's wrong because if you're not anchored in an immutable system, see, kind of just whatever feels right is what you go with. But when you're anchored in eternity, when you're anchored in the Ribono shel Olam, when you're anchored in Torah, I will say you have the greatest gift in the world and that's the gift of truth and that's the 31:38 gift of MS. And that's the gift of clarity. So, what's a treifa? What's a treifa? Whatever Hakadosh Baruch Hu said is a treifa is a treifa. And if it's not on the list, it's not on the list. Ah, but what about that? Not on the list. It's not on the list. 31:54 And if Hakadosh Baruch Hu didn't include it on the list, then again, my truth is defined by what's on the list and I don't worry about what's not. Incredible. Says the Mishna, let's go back to what I say, mazel tov. That That That was a long That was a long That was a long Mishna. We're not finished The outcome down, we're not finished, we're not finished. It's not the Some more treifas, I will say, but again, but that's our first That was the first major in the treifas. Next. So, listen to this, the sister Mishna, the eilu 32:18 treifas. Ah, so much better, so much better, right? Who wants to deal with the treifas? Let's go with kosher. So, the master of eilu treifas these are the following following things that about what I Obviously, in the in the previous Mishna, we went through the conditions that render an animal a treifa. In this Mishna, we're going to go through injuries or deficiencies that an animal has but yet is still kosher. 32:39 The following things, even though an animal has some type of deficiency, illness, situation, the animal is still kosher. What are these examples? Or what are what is this guy? Number one, if the trachea is perforated, right? You've seen this before, tracheal perforation, as we just saw before, does not make the animal a treifah. Or if it's split or even if there's or or if it's split. How 33:04 much of the trachea how much of the trachea needs to be missing in order for the animal to be a treifah? A adult is missing the size of those missing the size of the trachea was was a coin. Like literally the Italian ester. Again, if the skull was perforated, but the membrane of the brain was not What's the membrane again? We saw two membranes on the brain, outer membrane which is 33:30 attached to the skull, right? Inner membrane inner membrane which is attached to the brain. So you if the skull itself was perforated, as long as the membrane was not perforated, the animal is not a treifah. If the heart was perforated, but not perforated all the way through the chamber. Ultimately again, if the spine if the spine was broken, but the spinal cord was not cut. 33:56 The liver was removed. But again, so the majority of the liver is gone, but if there's at least a liver left. These are these are stomachs of the animals. That's actually very interesting. Let's see you have a situation where the stomachs were perforated, but here's what's the good news. What's the good news? The perforation they were perforated into each other, right? So there was stomach perforation, but the perforations were from one stomach into the next. It's fine. The spleen was removed. These are these are stomachs of the animals. That's actually very interesting. Let's see you have a situation where the stomachs were perforated, but here's what's the good news. What's the good news? The perforation they were perforated into each other, right? So there was stomach perforation, but the perforations were from one stomach into the next. It's fine. The spleen was removed. These are these are stomachs of 34:20 the animals. That's actually very interesting. Let's see you have a situation where the stomachs were perforated, but here's what's the good news. What's the good news? The perforation they were perforated into each other, right? So there was stomach perforation, but the perforations were from one stomach into the next. It's fine. The spleen was removed. These are these are stomachs of the animals. That's actually very interesting. Let's see you have a situation where the stomachs were perforated, but here's what's the good news. What's the good news? The perforation they were perforated into each other, right? So there was stomach perforation, but the perforations were from one stomach into the next. It's fine. The spleen was removed. These are these are stomachs of the animals. That's actually very interesting. Let's see you have a situation where the stomachs the kidneys were removed. Now, this is very interesting. Again, we'll talk more about this, right? If the kidneys were not there, nitlu lefiha takhton, the 34:43 lower jaw was removed. Nitlaha im shala, the uterus was removed. V'kharusa b'dei shamayim. So, you know what I'm saying? If you look at kharusa d'shamayim, the Gemara says over here means it literally had shriveled lung. Shriveled lung. Now, again, b'dei shamayim means that this was way it was born. You know, it wasn't a heavy smoker, right? In other words, so so like like what Lemay said, this is like a shriveled lung because of some 35:07 type of condition it was born with. That's what it means, b'dei shamayim. We'll see what that means. Haglu'da. Glu'da Rashi says over here, we actually saw this before, is an animal that was flayed. Essentially, its skin was removed. Rebbi Meir maksha khampos. And Rebbi Meir says it's kasher and by the glu'da, this is by the skinned animal case. Rebbi Meir says it's kasher comes here it's pasul. So, what we'll say is the common denominator in all of these cases, that even though these this animal has all these different 35:32 deficiencies, it is still kasher. So, what we'll say, what a mussar haskel. What a mussar haskel. You don't have to be perfect to be kasher. You could even be missing things in life and still be kasher. Sometimes you go through life and you think to ourselves like the goal is perfection. If the goal is perfection, that leads to a very frustrating life for one simple reason. 35:55 Perfection is absolutely unequivocally never attainable. People think maybe maybe one is perfection. When is perfection attainable? When is it when is it unattainable? Right? Not even when you die. Right? What's the proof to that? The proof to that what we'll say is what happens when you die? I don't know. What we'll say is what what what happens when you die? 36:13 Hopefully, a person leaves behind children. And what's the obligation of children? To say Kaddish. Why are children saying Kaddish? By the children saying Kaddish, they're saying Kaddish to help their parent's neshama. Well, if you're perfect when you die, why does anyone need to say Kaddish for you? Everyone needs help. Even the dead need help. Even the dead because even the dead are imperfect. Perfection is not within reach. It's not in the cards and it's not even part of the job 36:37 description. What's the avodah? Become an adam kasha. Become an adam kasha. Be a good person. Be an adam And what's the beauty of that? That's attainable. Why? Cuz you could be missing a whole bunch of stuff and you could still be kosher. I can do that. That I can do. 36:54 Cuz I'm missing a whole bunch In any given moment, I'm missing a whole bunch of things like I I don't mean missing exes, I mean internally. I'm missing a whole Just like right this instant or that. I'm missing a whole bunch of stuff internally. But with all of those deficiencies, with all of those mistakes, with all of those pitfalls, I can still strive to become an adam kosher. How did I wish to be so hot? 37:14 Says the gemara, Itmar Rebbe Yochanan Rebbe Yochanan says, "Aila treifas davka." Rebbe Shimon ben Lakish shomer, "Aila cheirus davka." So what is the interesting machlokes? Now, how does Rebbe Yochanan reach Lakish? Rebbe Yochanan says, "The previous mishna, aila treifas davka." Davka means that it's only the treifas listed in the mishna that are treifas, nothing else. That's what the mishna Aila treifas, these are the treifas and 37:38 nothing else. Rebbe Reish Lakish says, "Aila cheirus davka." Similarly, Rebbe Reish Lakish says, "So again, Rebbe Yochanan says, our mishna was specific item specific in the treifas, but aila cheirus, it's not There's more. There's more to this list." Reish Lakish said the opposite. He said, "Aila cheirus davka." These are the only cases of deficiency where the animal is still kosher, but aila treifas Aila treifas 38:01 was not davka. There's still more on that list. My commentary What are they arguing about? But Rebbe Nachman So what is very interesting? Rebbe Nachman Rebbe Nachman Rebbe Nachman Haibuka da atma dishak midukte. So what is very interesting? So what did they argue about? They argued about What say? We saw this before, the thigh bone. The top of the thigh bone has like a ball that fits into a socket. 38:22 Right? That fits into a socket. What happened? Let's say the the the fibula with the ball popped out of its socket. What is that? What is that? Rav Nachman said that if the fibula, the top of the fibula ball pops out of its socket, that makes the animal a treif. Incredible. Rav Yochanan Rav Yochanan now again and here's what's interesting. 38:44 That's not included in our Mishnah. That wasn't That's not in the list. That's not in the list of the 18 treifs of the first Mishnah of our perek. Rav Yochanan Rav Yochanan says, So Rav Yochanan says, when the previous Mishnah said "These are the treifs", what does that mean? These are the cases of treifs. Only these cases and nothing else. But yet then the Mishnah said, "In general". 39:07 In general, when you say "In general", what does that mean? What does that come to do? That comes to include additional cases on the base. And therefore again Rav Yochanan said, "Oh, even though 'These are the treifs', that phrase ultimately means 'These are the treifs and nothing else'. But then when the Mishnah comes along and says "In general", this is the rule, that seems to include something else. What else does it come to include? The statement of Rav 39:33 Nachman. My time, but what's the reason? Now, how can you include Rav Nachman if he's not included in 'These are the treifs'? How do you do that? Listen to this. The dam your vena toole. Because it is comparable to a list Remember again what we're saying. In the Mishnah In the Mishnah, you had a number of different cases of parts of the animal which were removed. So the case of the of the socket of the ball of the fibula is kind of like a case of of 39:57 a piece that has been removed. And therefore it could fit ultimately again into the Mishnah. That's why I would have thought I would have thought so it wasn't in the havamina. I would have thought 'These are the treifs' is a specific list. "In general" comes to include something else. What does "In general" come to include? Maybe it comes to include the case of Rav Masna. All right, of the of the ball of the thigh bone popping out 40:23 of its socket. Kamash Melon, it does not. This is Rav Yochanan Shita. It does not because Ailu Treifos ultimately again is an item specific list. And Zach Cloud is not coming to add on anything. What is Zach Cloud coming to do? Zach Cloud is just coming to modify the rule. 40:39 In other words, if you want to understand what's the common denominator amongst the 18 things listed in the Mishna, it is that they're all things from which the animal cannot survive. Rav Shimon Lakish, Rav Shimon that that sorry, that was Rav Yochanan. Rav Shimon Lakish says Rav Shimon Lakish Ailu Treifos Safko. Right? 40:54 Rav Rav Shimon Lakish says when the Mishna says Ailu Treifos, this list is a specific list. A specific list. Tana Treifos, the Tana Zach Cloud. Ultimately again, it says the previous Mishna spoke about Ailu Treifos and then it also said Zach Cloud. The Chazal of Rav Masna the law Asya b'Zach Cloud. And according to Rav Shimon Lakish, he said Rav Masna's statement means Rav Masna's specific 41:17 case and that it's not really included in the Zach Cloud. Why not? My Ta'ama? Lav l'nakuvay damyo v'lav l'psukay damyo. Because it doesn't really it's not comparable to a case of perforation, right? Because again, there's a whole bunch of things that are perforated. It's not really comparable to a case of an item that was cut. U'l'natulay namy lo damyo. And it's not really even comparable to a case of an item that was removed because it's really there, it's 41:42 just out of its socket. So therefore the Gemara says Tana Ailu Treifos. Therefore our Mishna comes along and says Ailu Treifos, Hanihu d'Ksheiros. Therefore again, it's only these in this item in this list that are Ksheiros. What do you see from here? Had Rav Masna Treifa. It's only the items listed in this Mishna that if the animal has one of these conditions, it's still Kosher. 42:04 But if it doesn't have one of these items, it's Treif. What does that come to include? Rav Masna. Okay. So what Rav Masna is suggesting is an interesting idea over here. In the Machlokes of Yochanan and Reish Lakish. Essentially again, do you assign primacy to a treifas or do you assign primacy to a ksheiras? And again, what is the commonality between that is is Rav Masna's case a treifa or is it not a treifa? Rav Yochanan saying ultimately 42:27 again it's not a treifa. Reish Lakish saying it is a treifa. Okay. The Gemara says as follows. And again, we'll say now we're going to talk a little bit about Rav Masna. Gufa. Amora Masna. Masna says as follows. Hibuka d'atama d'ishaf midukte treifa. So again, what we're saying is a very specific case. You've got the ball of the thigh bone, which is the top of the thigh bone, that pops out of its socket. So the Gemara says so Rav Rav 42:51 Masna says that animal is a treifa. But Rava amar ksheira. Rava says no, the animal is kosher. However, the if sikni vey treifa. Now what we're saying interestingly enough, everyone seems to agree that if halacha l'maaseh, the ligament, cuz remember again there's a ligament there as well, if the ligament is cut, everyone will agree that it's a treifa. The halacha l'maaseh. And the halacha is if sikni ksheira. Ad d'nis 43:14 achla is achulei. And halacha l'maaseh halacha l'maaseh is is actually very interesting that if the if the if the ball of the thigh bone pops out of its socket, that does not make the animal a treifa, even if the ligament is cut. However, if the ligament decays, if it decays and it's no longer there, then in that case the animal will be a treifa. Okay, fascinating. So let's go right there. Ad 43:37 kamisa. So again, remember again in the Mishna, the Mishna said that halacha l'maaseh by the trachea. What's halacha by the trachea? The trachea, right, even if the trachea even if it's cut a little bit or perforated a little bit, it's fine. How much of the trachea has to be missing in order for the animal to be a treifa? How much? The size of an issur haytakki in Italian issur. If it's literally missing that size of the trachea, the animal is 44:02 a treifa. Says the Gemara Amora Zeiri. So listen to this. Amora Zeiri said asson d'lo d'lo mikhtami l'ey. so again Ziri says you guys right now who who is who is he calling who is he calling you guys? So the pastors again he says always referring to the Jews of Israel. So you you who may not go ahead and know that you know I'll say 44:26 what he was saying is like this what if you don't know the size of Italian is I don't get out a lot I don't know what what's the what's the size of an Italian is so we all surely be coordinator coordinator sorry coordinator coordinator okay so that is the size of a coordinator in Israel. 44:46 Try it out right okay right so I guess that was more helpful but how do we keep sheet of the dressing and it's the size of our coin that was that was that was the basic size of currency okay so what was I saying so all that he was coming along and saying by the way as much as the mission says all that can attain is sir like everyone knows what that is so Ziri just translates that into a common currency that everyone would know the 45:09 size of a simple sheet of okay or maybe sheet of the visa and you can find this ultimately again amongst the in Pompedisa incredible. Incredible good. 45:27 Fine. Fine fine you can go good this was a commonly known coin I'm going to I'm going to so let's listen to this now that we're talking about coins the mission tells a little bit of a story so we can now rush and show also the coin is a money changer so we can the money changer the money changer so 45:50 listen to this he know how so right so just you understand the image of here so we can sitting at his table right he's sitting at his table doing his money changing a What happens? Who walks over? So and have a kind of Barnafcha. 46:08 So ultimately again, Barnafcha was in front of him right was by him. Who by me may the Nora or the Nora the Shari Bay Treifasa. So what happened? So Barnafcha was there right Barnafcha was there and the Gimli changed it over here Fine yeah Barnafcha Okay so there's so much to say in all of these but let's go we'll leave it for now. Let's go back to for now. So Barnafcha 46:32 and Barnafcha said I he was looking for he was looking for a particular coin. Specifically again a dinar coin cuz he had a he had a shaila on a treifa a shaila about an animal. The animal had tracheal perforation. He wanted to know it had so it was missing a piece. He wanted to know what the size of a dinar. 46:48 So therefore he goes he goes over he goes over to the money changer right? To Rav Chana and he said Rav Chana give me a dinar I'm looking for a dinar coin so I could use it for treifas. I'll make him the listen to this. Now Rav Chana said I wanted to stand up in front of Barnafcha as a as a sign of Tam came to my shop. I want to stand up for this Tam 47:11 listen to this below shavkani. Barnafcha would not let me stand up for him when I was in the middle of working. I'm early shave beneath shave. Sit my son sit why? Ain ba'alei umnios rashon lamo bnei Tamidei Chachamim b'sha'ah asukin b'malachtan. 47:34 Because workers should not be standing up for Tamidei Chachamim when they're on the job. They both said tremendous. Take a look at Rashi just a moment. In ba'alei umnios Rashi says how can a malecha sachirin? Again I will say who are we talking about here? Who are ba'alei umnios? You work for someone. 47:51 Right? Someone who is employed by someone else. But who shall Chani I am [snorts] a stack of Chani and again I will say now here's what's interesting. Barnabas sorry. Who is the money changer? Now what do you mean what do you mean he's working for someone else? He's got he's running his own shop. Remember you have to say how does a money changer work? A money changer has other people's money. Right? 48:11 And what he's doing is essentially he's he's in he's he's using their money to generate the return. So in that respect, he's working for other people. Right? He's utilizing other people's money. He's working for other people. Sir, for losses in of sham. Therefore, because he's working so to speak for other people, he has to be vigilant in his work. All they should have them call her over and listen my chicken. And you have to be what now? You have to be attentive. How do you have to be 48:38 attentive? You got to be sitting at the money table. And anytime somebody walks by, what do you need to do? What do you need? What do you need? Right? What do you need? You you have you got to you have to be going after the customers. Incredible. Therefore, the finest says this is incredible. By now by my store, by my shop, by my table, I want to get up. By now he says no, don't get up. 49:02 Don't get up. You're on the clock. You work for someone else, which means your time is not your own. Your time belongs to your employer. And because your time belongs to your employer, you have no right to use that time for anything other than your employment. Well say, isn't that overwhelming? Even for cover at all even to stand up how careful we have to be. Again, if we're on someone else's clock. If we do work for someone else, 49:27 if someone else is paying us a salary. Again, we owe that that person owns the time for the time that I'm in their employ. And therefore, I'm going to have to be careful about how I'm utilizing that time even for standing up for a time of you must say really that's all below. Well, it's not but again I will say so what what's the grab? He said got it. I understand that I can't play Tetris. 49:48 Does anyone play Tetris anymore? I don't know. Right. Right. I I I I understand that I can't play Tetris while I'm on the job. That I got. That I got. But that I can't stand up for it. It comes and comes along and I literally again I can't stand up. Is Is that true? The The mayor is intrigued by that. What about the following? This is such a beautiful what's on. Call Bali on news on the main man for sure I'm going to want to say so we'll say 50:12 Just to give you context over here. This is so beautiful. This is the Mishnah in the Bikkurim. Bikkurim are the first fruits. Right? So the farmers would go ahead and bring their first fruits to Jerusalem. You have to bring your Bikkurim to Jerusalem give them to the coin. And the Mishnah describes in great detail the great fanfare that would accompany the bringing of the Bikkurim. 50:31 Included in that would be called Bali on news. All the workers. All the workers would So when the Jews when the farmers Rose after I understand the Bikkurim farmers were heroes. Cuz remember again what are Bikkurim? You worked really hard to plant your field. You worked really hard to get a crop. And then what did you do with your first fruits? Now in the veld in the world when you have those first fruits, what do you do? You sit down. You enjoy them. Those are 50:54 literally the fruits of your labor. What does a Yid do with first fruits? You bring them to our God who Those are the heroes of the Jewish people. I will say now Stop here. We're stopping here. Okay? Yeah, we're going to we're going to we're going to pick up where we left off tomorrow with Bikkurim. We'll give it its its its also short after while we have time. We're going to say to be continued. No, it's not. Not on a base. 51:12 Don't don't Don't turn Don't turn the page. Don't turn the page. >> >> I say I say I say what enough what enough. All right. Have a good day everyone. Have a great day everyone. Yeah, just a couple of hours. >> [clears throat] >> Good morning. Good morning. 51:35 Good night my sweetie.
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